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+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
+This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
+"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#pragma once
+#ifndef MIMALLOC_PRIM_H
+#define MIMALLOC_PRIM_H
+
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This file specifies the primitive portability API.
+// Each OS/host needs to implement these primitives, see `src/prim`
+// for implementations on Window, macOS, WASI, and Linux/Unix.
+//
+// note: on all primitive functions, we always get:
+// addr != NULL and page aligned
+// size > 0 and page aligned
+// return value is an error code an int where 0 is success.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// OS memory configuration
+typedef struct mi_os_mem_config_s {
+ size_t page_size; // 4KiB
+ size_t large_page_size; // 2MiB
+ size_t alloc_granularity; // smallest allocation size (on Windows 64KiB)
+ bool has_overcommit; // can we reserve more memory than can be actually committed?
+ bool must_free_whole; // must allocated blocks free as a whole (false for mmap, true for VirtualAlloc)
+} mi_os_mem_config_t;
+
+// Initialize
+void _mi_prim_mem_init( mi_os_mem_config_t* config );
+
+// Free OS memory
+int _mi_prim_free(void* addr, size_t size );
+
+// Allocate OS memory. Return NULL on error.
+// The `try_alignment` is just a hint and the returned pointer does not have to be aligned.
+// pre: !commit => !allow_large
+// try_alignment >= _mi_os_page_size() and a power of 2
+int _mi_prim_alloc(size_t size, size_t try_alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, bool* is_large, void** addr);
+
+// Commit memory. Returns error code or 0 on success.
+int _mi_prim_commit(void* addr, size_t size, bool commit);
+
+// Reset memory. The range keeps being accessible but the content might be reset.
+// Returns error code or 0 on success.
+int _mi_prim_reset(void* addr, size_t size);
+
+// Protect memory. Returns error code or 0 on success.
+int _mi_prim_protect(void* addr, size_t size, bool protect);
+
+// Allocate huge (1GiB) pages possibly associated with a NUMA node.
+// pre: size > 0 and a multiple of 1GiB.
+// addr is either NULL or an address hint.
+// numa_node is either negative (don't care), or a numa node number.
+int _mi_prim_alloc_huge_os_pages(void* hint_addr, size_t size, int numa_node, void** addr);
+
+// Return the current NUMA node
+size_t _mi_prim_numa_node(void);
+
+// Return the number of logical NUMA nodes
+size_t _mi_prim_numa_node_count(void);
+
+// Clock ticks
+mi_msecs_t _mi_prim_clock_now(void);
+
+// Return process information (only for statistics)
+typedef struct mi_process_info_s {
+ mi_msecs_t elapsed;
+ mi_msecs_t utime;
+ mi_msecs_t stime;
+ size_t current_rss;
+ size_t peak_rss;
+ size_t current_commit;
+ size_t peak_commit;
+ size_t page_faults;
+} mi_process_info_t;
+
+void _mi_prim_process_info(mi_process_info_t* pinfo);
+
+// Default stderr output. (only for warnings etc. with verbose enabled)
+// msg != NULL && _mi_strlen(msg) > 0
+void _mi_prim_out_stderr( const char* msg );
+
+// Get an environment variable. (only for options)
+// name != NULL, result != NULL, result_size >= 64
+bool _mi_prim_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size);
+
+
+// Fill a buffer with strong randomness; return `false` on error or if
+// there is no strong randomization available.
+bool _mi_prim_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len);
+
+// Called on the first thread start, and should ensure `_mi_thread_done` is called on thread termination.
+void _mi_prim_thread_init_auto_done(void);
+
+// Called on process exit and may take action to clean up resources associated with the thread auto done.
+void _mi_prim_thread_done_auto_done(void);
+
+// Called when the default heap for a thread changes
+void _mi_prim_thread_associate_default_heap(mi_heap_t* heap);
+
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Thread id: `_mi_prim_thread_id()`
+//
+// Getting the thread id should be performant as it is called in the
+// fast path of `_mi_free` and we specialize for various platforms as
+// inlined definitions. Regular code should call `init.c:_mi_thread_id()`.
+// We only require _mi_prim_thread_id() to return a unique id
+// for each thread (unequal to zero).
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <windows.h>
+static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
+ // Windows: works on Intel and ARM in both 32- and 64-bit
+ return (uintptr_t)NtCurrentTeb();
+}
+
+// We use assembly for a fast thread id on the main platforms. The TLS layout depends on
+// both the OS and libc implementation so we use specific tests for each main platform.
+// If you test on another platform and it works please send a PR :-)
+// see also https://akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf for more info on the TLS register.
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ( \
+ (defined(__GLIBC__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+ || (defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+ || (defined(__BIONIC__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+ || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+ || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
+ )
+
+static inline void* mi_prim_tls_slot(size_t slot) mi_attr_noexcept {
+ void* res;
+ const size_t ofs = (slot*sizeof(void*));
+ #if defined(__i386__)
+ __asm__("movl %%gs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86 32-bit always uses GS
+ #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__x86_64__)
+ __asm__("movq %%gs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86_64 macOSX uses GS
+ #elif defined(__x86_64__) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE==4)
+ __asm__("movl %%fs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x32 ABI
+ #elif defined(__x86_64__)
+ __asm__("movq %%fs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86_64 Linux, BSD uses FS
+ #elif defined(__arm__)
+ void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3\nbic %0, %0, #3" : "=r" (tcb));
+ res = tcb[slot];
+ #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+ void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
+ #if defined(__APPLE__) // M1, issue #343
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0\nbic %0, %0, #7" : "=r" (tcb));
+ #else
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidr_el0" : "=r" (tcb));
+ #endif
+ res = tcb[slot];
+ #endif
+ return res;
+}
+
+// setting a tls slot is only used on macOS for now
+static inline void mi_prim_tls_slot_set(size_t slot, void* value) mi_attr_noexcept {
+ const size_t ofs = (slot*sizeof(void*));
+ #if defined(__i386__)
+ __asm__("movl %1,%%gs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // 32-bit always uses GS
+ #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__x86_64__)
+ __asm__("movq %1,%%gs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x86_64 macOS uses GS
+ #elif defined(__x86_64__) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE==4)
+ __asm__("movl %1,%%fs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x32 ABI
+ #elif defined(__x86_64__)
+ __asm__("movq %1,%%fs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x86_64 Linux, BSD uses FS
+ #elif defined(__arm__)
+ void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3\nbic %0, %0, #3" : "=r" (tcb));
+ tcb[slot] = value;
+ #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+ void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
+ #if defined(__APPLE__) // M1, issue #343
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0\nbic %0, %0, #7" : "=r" (tcb));
+ #else
+ __asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidr_el0" : "=r" (tcb));
+ #endif
+ tcb[slot] = value;
+ #endif
+}
+
+static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
+ #if defined(__BIONIC__)
+ // issue #384, #495: on the Bionic libc (Android), slot 1 is the thread id
+ // see: https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_bionic/blob/c44b1d0676ded732df4b3b21c5f798eacae93228/libc/platform/bionic/tls_defines.h#L86
+ return (uintptr_t)mi_prim_tls_slot(1);
+ #else
+ // in all our other targets, slot 0 is the thread id
+ // glibc: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob_plain;f=sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/tls.h
+ // apple: https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu/blob/main/libsyscall/os/tsd.h#L36
+ return (uintptr_t)mi_prim_tls_slot(0);
+ #endif
+}
+
+#else
+
+// otherwise use portable C, taking the address of a thread local variable (this is still very fast on most platforms).
+static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
+ return (uintptr_t)&_mi_heap_default;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+The thread local default heap: `_mi_prim_get_default_heap()`
+This is inlined here as it is on the fast path for allocation functions.
+
+On most platforms (Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, etc), this just returns a
+__thread local variable (`_mi_heap_default`). With the initial-exec TLS model this ensures
+that the storage will always be available (allocated on the thread stacks).
+
+On some platforms though we cannot use that when overriding `malloc` since the underlying
+TLS implementation (or the loader) will call itself `malloc` on a first access and recurse.
+We try to circumvent this in an efficient way:
+- macOSX : we use an unused TLS slot from the OS allocated slots (MI_TLS_SLOT). On OSX, the
+ loader itself calls `malloc` even before the modules are initialized.
+- OpenBSD: we use an unused slot from the pthread block (MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS).
+- DragonFly: defaults are working but seem slow compared to freeBSD (see PR #323)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+// defined in `init.c`; do not use these directly
+extern mi_decl_thread mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_default; // default heap to allocate from
+extern bool _mi_process_is_initialized; // has mi_process_init been called?
+
+static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void);
+
+#if defined(MI_MALLOC_OVERRIDE)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) // macOS
+ #define MI_TLS_SLOT 89 // seems unused?
+ // #define MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD 1
+ // other possible unused ones are 9, 29, __PTK_FRAMEWORK_JAVASCRIPTCORE_KEY4 (94), __PTK_FRAMEWORK_GC_KEY9 (112) and __PTK_FRAMEWORK_OLDGC_KEY9 (89)
+ // see <https://github.com/rweichler/substrate/blob/master/include/pthread_machdep.h>
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+ // use end bytes of a name; goes wrong if anyone uses names > 23 characters (ptrhread specifies 16)
+ // see <https://github.com/openbsd/src/blob/master/lib/libc/include/thread_private.h#L371>
+ #define MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS (6*sizeof(int) + 4*sizeof(void*) + 24)
+ // #elif defined(__DragonFly__)
+ // #warning "mimalloc is not working correctly on DragonFly yet."
+ // #define MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS (4 + 1*sizeof(void*)) // offset `uniqueid` (also used by gdb?) <https://github.com/DragonFlyBSD/DragonFlyBSD/blob/master/lib/libthread_xu/thread/thr_private.h#L458>
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
+ // See issue #381
+ #define MI_TLS_PTHREAD
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(MI_TLS_SLOT)
+
+static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
+ mi_heap_t* heap = (mi_heap_t*)mi_prim_tls_slot(MI_TLS_SLOT);
+ if mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) {
+ #ifdef __GNUC__
+ __asm(""); // prevent conditional load of the address of _mi_heap_empty
+ #endif
+ heap = (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty;
+ }
+ return heap;
+}
+
+#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS)
+
+static inline mi_heap_t** mi_prim_tls_pthread_heap_slot(void) {
+ pthread_t self = pthread_self();
+ #if defined(__DragonFly__)
+ if (self==NULL) return NULL;
+ #endif
+ return (mi_heap_t**)((uint8_t*)self + MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS);
+}
+
+static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
+ mi_heap_t** pheap = mi_prim_tls_pthread_heap_slot();
+ if mi_unlikely(pheap == NULL) return _mi_heap_main_get();
+ mi_heap_t* heap = *pheap;
+ if mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) return (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty;
+ return heap;
+}
+
+#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD)
+
+extern pthread_key_t _mi_heap_default_key;
+static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
+ mi_heap_t* heap = (mi_unlikely(_mi_heap_default_key == (pthread_key_t)(-1)) ? _mi_heap_main_get() : (mi_heap_t*)pthread_getspecific(_mi_heap_default_key));
+ return (mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) ? (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty : heap);
+}
+
+#else // default using a thread local variable; used on most platforms.
+
+static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
+ #if defined(MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD)
+ if (mi_unlikely(!_mi_process_is_initialized)) return _mi_heap_main_get();
+ #endif
+ return _mi_heap_default;
+}
+
+#endif // mi_prim_get_default_heap()
+
+
+
+#endif // MIMALLOC_PRIM_H