2014-01-03 00:42:00

4 files changed, 507 insertions, 3940 deletions

diff --git a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-inj.lua b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-inj.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index ae48150a6..000000000
--- a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-inj.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,526 +0,0 @@
-if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['node-inj'] = {
-    version   = 1.001,
-    comment   = "companion to node-ini.mkiv",
-    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
-    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
-    license   = "see context related readme files",
-}
-
--- This is very experimental (this will change when we have luatex > .50 and
--- a few pending thingies are available. Also, Idris needs to make a few more
--- test fonts. Btw, future versions of luatex will have extended glyph properties
--- that can be of help. Some optimizations can go away when we have faster machines.
-
--- todo: make a special one for context
-
-local next = next
-local utfchar = utf.char
-
-local trace_injections = false  trackers.register("nodes.injections", function(v) trace_injections = v end)
-
-local report_injections = logs.reporter("nodes","injections")
-
-local attributes, nodes, node = attributes, nodes, node
-
-fonts                    = fonts
-local fontdata           = fonts.hashes.identifiers
-
-nodes.injections         = nodes.injections or { }
-local injections         = nodes.injections
-
-local nodecodes          = nodes.nodecodes
-local glyph_code         = nodecodes.glyph
-local kern_code          = nodecodes.kern
-local nodepool           = nodes.pool
-local newkern            = nodepool.kern
-
-local traverse_id        = node.traverse_id
-local insert_node_before = node.insert_before
-local insert_node_after  = node.insert_after
-
-local a_kernpair = attributes.private('kernpair')
-local a_ligacomp = attributes.private('ligacomp')
-local a_markbase = attributes.private('markbase')
-local a_markmark = attributes.private('markmark')
-local a_markdone = attributes.private('markdone')
-local a_cursbase = attributes.private('cursbase')
-local a_curscurs = attributes.private('curscurs')
-local a_cursdone = attributes.private('cursdone')
-
--- This injector has been tested by Idris Samawi Hamid (several arabic fonts as well as
--- the rather demanding Husayni font), Khaled Hosny (latin and arabic) and Kaj Eigner
--- (arabic, hebrew and thai) and myself (whatever font I come across). I'm pretty sure
--- that this code is not 100% okay but examples are needed to figure things out.
-
-function injections.installnewkern(nk)
-    newkern = nk or newkern
-end
-
-local cursives = { }
-local marks    = { }
-local kerns    = { }
-
--- Currently we do gpos/kern in a bit inofficial way but when we have the extra fields in
--- glyphnodes to manipulate ht/dp/wd explicitly I will provide an alternative; also, we
--- can share tables.
-
--- For the moment we pass the r2l key ... volt/arabtype tests .. idris: this needs
--- checking with husayni (volt and fontforge).
-
-function injections.setcursive(start,nxt,factor,rlmode,exit,entry,tfmstart,tfmnext)
-    local dx, dy = factor*(exit[1]-entry[1]), factor*(exit[2]-entry[2])
-    local ws, wn = tfmstart.width, tfmnext.width
-    local bound = #cursives + 1
-    start[a_cursbase] = bound
-    nxt[a_curscurs] = bound
-    cursives[bound] = { rlmode, dx, dy, ws, wn }
-    return dx, dy, bound
-end
-
-function injections.setpair(current,factor,rlmode,r2lflag,spec,tfmchr)
-    local x, y, w, h = factor*spec[1], factor*spec[2], factor*spec[3], factor*spec[4]
-    -- dy = y - h
-    if x ~= 0 or w ~= 0 or y ~= 0 or h ~= 0 then
-        local bound = current[a_kernpair]
-        if bound then
-            local kb = kerns[bound]
-            -- inefficient but singles have less, but weird anyway, needs checking
-            kb[2], kb[3], kb[4], kb[5] = (kb[2] or 0) + x, (kb[3] or 0) + y, (kb[4] or 0)+ w, (kb[5] or 0) + h
-        else
-            bound = #kerns + 1
-            current[a_kernpair] = bound
-            kerns[bound] = { rlmode, x, y, w, h, r2lflag, tfmchr.width }
-        end
-        return x, y, w, h, bound
-    end
-    return x, y, w, h -- no bound
-end
-
-function injections.setkern(current,factor,rlmode,x,tfmchr)
-    local dx = factor*x
-    if dx ~= 0 then
-        local bound = #kerns + 1
-        current[a_kernpair] = bound
-        kerns[bound] = { rlmode, dx }
-        return dx, bound
-    else
-        return 0, 0
-    end
-end
-
-function injections.setmark(start,base,factor,rlmode,ba,ma,index,baseismark) -- ba=baseanchor, ma=markanchor
-    local dx, dy = factor*(ba[1]-ma[1]), factor*(ba[2]-ma[2])     -- the index argument is no longer used but when this
-    local bound = base[a_markbase]                    -- fails again we should pass it
-    local index = 1
-    if bound then
-        local mb = marks[bound]
-        if mb then
-         -- if not index then index = #mb + 1 end
-            index = #mb + 1
-            mb[index] = { dx, dy, rlmode }
-            start[a_markmark] = bound
-            start[a_markdone] = index
-            return dx, dy, bound
-        else
-            report_injections("possible problem, %U is base mark without data (id %a)",base.char,bound)
-        end
-    end
---     index = index or 1
-    index = index or 1
-    bound = #marks + 1
-    base[a_markbase] = bound
-    start[a_markmark] = bound
-    start[a_markdone] = index
-    marks[bound] = { [index] = { dx, dy, rlmode, baseismark } }
-    return dx, dy, bound
-end
-
-local function dir(n)
-    return (n and n<0 and "r-to-l") or (n and n>0 and "l-to-r") or "unset"
-end
-
-local function trace(head)
-    report_injections("begin run")
-    for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-        if n.subtype < 256 then
-            local kp = n[a_kernpair]
-            local mb = n[a_markbase]
-            local mm = n[a_markmark]
-            local md = n[a_markdone]
-            local cb = n[a_cursbase]
-            local cc = n[a_curscurs]
-            local char = n.char
-            report_injections("font %s, char %U, glyph %c",n.font,char,char)
-            if kp then
-                local k = kerns[kp]
-                if k[3] then
-                    report_injections("  pairkern: dir %a, x %p, y %p, w %p, h %p",dir(k[1]),k[2],k[3],k[4],k[5])
-                else
-                    report_injections("  kern: dir %a, dx %p",dir(k[1]),k[2])
-                end
-            end
-            if mb then
-                report_injections("  markbase: bound %a",mb)
-            end
-            if mm then
-                local m = marks[mm]
-                if mb then
-                    local m = m[mb]
-                    if m then
-                        report_injections("  markmark: bound %a, index %a, dx %p, dy %p",mm,md,m[1],m[2])
-                    else
-                        report_injections("  markmark: bound %a, missing index",mm)
-                    end
-                else
-                    m = m[1]
-                    report_injections("  markmark: bound %a, dx %p, dy %p",mm,m and m[1],m and m[2])
-                end
-            end
-            if cb then
-                report_injections("  cursbase: bound %a",cb)
-            end
-            if cc then
-                local c = cursives[cc]
-                report_injections("  curscurs: bound %a, dir %a, dx %p, dy %p",cc,dir(c[1]),c[2],c[3])
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    report_injections("end run")
-end
-
--- todo: reuse tables (i.e. no collection), but will be extra fields anyway
--- todo: check for attribute
-
--- We can have a fast test on a font being processed, so we can check faster for marks etc
--- but I'll make a context variant anyway.
-
-local function show_result(head)
-    local current = head
-    local skipping = false
-    while current do
-        local id = current.id
-        if id == glyph_code then
-            report_injections("char: %C, width %p, xoffset %p, yoffset %p",current.char,current.width,current.xoffset,current.yoffset)
-            skipping = false
-        elseif id == kern_code then
-            report_injections("kern: %p",current.kern)
-            skipping = false
-        elseif not skipping then
-            report_injections()
-            skipping = true
-        end
-        current = current.next
-    end
-end
-
-function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
-    local has_marks, has_cursives, has_kerns = next(marks), next(cursives), next(kerns)
-    if has_marks or has_cursives then
-        if trace_injections then
-            trace(head)
-        end
-        -- in the future variant we will not copy items but refs to tables
-        local done, ky, rl, valid, cx, wx, mk, nofvalid = false, { }, { }, { }, { }, { }, { }, 0
-        if has_kerns then -- move outside loop
-            local nf, tm = nil, nil
-            for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do -- only needed for relevant fonts
-                if n.subtype < 256 then
-                    nofvalid = nofvalid + 1
-                    valid[nofvalid] = n
-                    if n.font ~= nf then
-                        nf = n.font
-                        tm = fontdata[nf].resources.marks
-                    end
-                    if tm then
-                        mk[n] = tm[n.char]
-                    end
-                    local k = n[a_kernpair]
-                    if k then
-                        local kk = kerns[k]
-                        if kk then
-                            local x, y, w, h = kk[2] or 0, kk[3] or 0, kk[4] or 0, kk[5] or 0
-                            local dy = y - h
-                            if dy ~= 0 then
-                                ky[n] = dy
-                            end
-                            if w ~= 0 or x ~= 0 then
-                                wx[n] = kk
-                            end
-                            rl[n] = kk[1] -- could move in test
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        else
-            local nf, tm = nil, nil
-            for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-                if n.subtype < 256 then
-                    nofvalid = nofvalid + 1
-                    valid[nofvalid] = n
-                    if n.font ~= nf then
-                        nf = n.font
-                        tm = fontdata[nf].resources.marks
-                    end
-                    if tm then
-                        mk[n] = tm[n.char]
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        if nofvalid > 0 then
-            -- we can assume done == true because we have cursives and marks
-            local cx = { }
-            if has_kerns and next(ky) then
-                for n, k in next, ky do
-                    n.yoffset = k
-                end
-            end
-            -- todo: reuse t and use maxt
-            if has_cursives then
-                local p_cursbase, p = nil, nil
-                -- since we need valid[n+1] we can also use a "while true do"
-                local t, d, maxt = { }, { }, 0
-                for i=1,nofvalid do -- valid == glyphs
-                    local n = valid[i]
-                    if not mk[n] then
-                        local n_cursbase = n[a_cursbase]
-                        if p_cursbase then
-                            local n_curscurs = n[a_curscurs]
-                            if p_cursbase == n_curscurs then
-                                local c = cursives[n_curscurs]
-                                if c then
-                                    local rlmode, dx, dy, ws, wn = c[1], c[2], c[3], c[4], c[5]
-                                    if rlmode >= 0 then
-                                        dx = dx - ws
-                                    else
-                                        dx = dx + wn
-                                    end
-                                    if dx ~= 0 then
-                                        cx[n] = dx
-                                        rl[n] = rlmode
-                                    end
-                                --  if rlmode and rlmode < 0 then
-                                        dy = -dy
-                                --  end
-                                    maxt = maxt + 1
-                                    t[maxt] = p
-                                    d[maxt] = dy
-                                else
-                                    maxt = 0
-                                end
-                            end
-                        elseif maxt > 0 then
-                            local ny = n.yoffset
-                            for i=maxt,1,-1 do
-                                ny = ny + d[i]
-                                local ti = t[i]
-                                ti.yoffset = ti.yoffset + ny
-                            end
-                            maxt = 0
-                        end
-                        if not n_cursbase and maxt > 0 then
-                            local ny = n.yoffset
-                            for i=maxt,1,-1 do
-                                ny = ny + d[i]
-                                local ti = t[i]
-                                ti.yoffset = ny
-                            end
-                            maxt = 0
-                        end
-                        p_cursbase, p = n_cursbase, n
-                    end
-                end
-                if maxt > 0 then
-                    local ny = n.yoffset
-                    for i=maxt,1,-1 do
-                        ny = ny + d[i]
-                        local ti = t[i]
-                        ti.yoffset = ny
-                    end
-                    maxt = 0
-                end
-                if not keep then
-                    cursives = { }
-                end
-            end
-            if has_marks then
-                for i=1,nofvalid do
-                    local p = valid[i]
-                    local p_markbase = p[a_markbase]
-                    if p_markbase then
-                        local mrks = marks[p_markbase]
-                        local nofmarks = #mrks
-                        for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,p.next) do
-                            local n_markmark = n[a_markmark]
-                            if p_markbase == n_markmark then
-                                local index = n[a_markdone] or 1
-                                local d = mrks[index]
-                                if d then
-                                    local rlmode = d[3]
-                                    --
-                                    local k = wx[p]
-                                    if k then
-                                        local x = k[2]
-                                        local w = k[4]
-                                        if w then
-                                            if rlmode and rlmode >= 0 then
-                                                -- kern(x) glyph(p) kern(w-x) mark(n)
-                                                n.xoffset = p.xoffset - p.width + d[1] - (w-x)
-                                            else
-                                                -- kern(w-x) glyph(p) kern(x) mark(n)
-                                                n.xoffset = p.xoffset - d[1] - x
-                                            end
-                                        else
-                                            if rlmode and rlmode >= 0 then
-                                                -- okay for husayni
-                                                n.xoffset = p.xoffset - p.width + d[1]
-                                            else
-                                                -- needs checking: is x ok here?
-                                                n.xoffset = p.xoffset - d[1] - x
-                                            end
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        if rlmode and rlmode >= 0 then
-                                            n.xoffset = p.xoffset - p.width + d[1]
-                                        else
-                                            n.xoffset = p.xoffset - d[1]
-                                        end
-                                        local w = n.width
-                                        if w ~= 0 then
-                                            insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(-w/2))
-                                            insert_node_after(head,n,newkern(-w/2))
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                    --                                    --
-                                    if mk[p] then
-                                        n.yoffset = p.yoffset + d[2]
-                                    else
-                                        n.yoffset = n.yoffset + p.yoffset + d[2]
-                                    end
-                                    --
-                                    if nofmarks == 1 then
-                                        break
-                                    else
-                                        nofmarks = nofmarks - 1
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            else
-                                -- KE: there can be <mark> <mkmk> <mark> sequences in ligatures
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-                if not keep then
-                    marks = { }
-                end
-            end
-            -- todo : combine
-            if next(wx) then
-                for n, k in next, wx do
-                 -- only w can be nil (kernclasses), can be sped up when w == nil
-                    local x = k[2]
-                    local w = k[4]
-                    if w then
-                        local rl = k[1] -- r2l = k[6]
-                        local wx = w - x
-                        if rl < 0 then	-- KE: don't use r2l here
-                            if wx ~= 0 then
-                                insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(wx)) -- type 0/2
-                            end
-                            if x ~= 0 then
-                                insert_node_after (head,n,newkern(x))  -- type 0/2
-                            end
-                        else
-                            if x ~= 0 then
-                                insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(x))  -- type 0/2
-                            end
-                            if wx ~= 0 then
-                                insert_node_after (head,n,newkern(wx)) -- type 0/2
-                            end
-                        end
-                    elseif x ~= 0 then
-                        -- this needs checking for rl < 0 but it is unlikely that a r2l script
-                        -- uses kernclasses between glyphs so we're probably safe (KE has a
-                        -- problematic font where marks interfere with rl < 0 in the previous
-                        -- case)
-                        insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(x)) -- a real font kern, type 0
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            if next(cx) then
-                for n, k in next, cx do
-                    if k ~= 0 then
-                        local rln = rl[n]
-                        if rln and rln < 0 then
-                            insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(-k)) -- type 0/2
-                        else
-                            insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(k))  -- type 0/2
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            if not keep then
-                kerns = { }
-            end
-         -- if trace_injections then
-         --     show_result(head)
-         -- end
-            return head, true
-        elseif not keep then
-            kerns, cursives, marks = { }, { }, { }
-        end
-    elseif has_kerns then
-        if trace_injections then
-            trace(head)
-        end
-        for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-            if n.subtype < 256 then
-                local k = n[a_kernpair]
-                if k then
-                    local kk = kerns[k]
-                    if kk then
-                        local rl, x, y, w = kk[1], kk[2] or 0, kk[3], kk[4]
-                        if y and y ~= 0 then
-                            n.yoffset = y -- todo: h ?
-                        end
-                        if w then
-                            -- copied from above
-                         -- local r2l = kk[6]
-                            local wx = w - x
-                            if rl < 0 then  -- KE: don't use r2l here
-                                if wx ~= 0 then
-                                    insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(wx))
-                                end
-                                if x ~= 0 then
-                                    insert_node_after (head,n,newkern(x))
-                                end
-                            else
-                                if x ~= 0 then
-                                    insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(x))
-                                end
-                                if wx ~= 0 then
-                                    insert_node_after(head,n,newkern(wx))
-                                end
-                            end
-                        else
-                            -- simple (e.g. kernclass kerns)
-                            if x ~= 0 then
-                                insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(x))
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        if not keep then
-            kerns = { }
-        end
-     -- if trace_injections then
-     --     show_result(head)
-     -- end
-        return head, true
-    else
-        -- no tracing needed
-    end
-    return head, false
-end
diff --git a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-merged.lua b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-merged.lua
index 3f408b96f..24e49308c 100644
--- a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-merged.lua
+++ b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-merged.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 -- merged file : luatex-fonts-merged.lua
 -- parent file : luatex-fonts.lua
--- merge date  : 02/14/14 17:07:59
+-- merge date  : 01/03/14 00:40:35
 
 do -- begin closure to overcome local limits and interference
 
@@ -82,9 +82,6 @@ function optionalrequire(...)
     return result
   end
 end
-if lua then
-  lua.mask=load([[τεχ = 1]]) and "utf" or "ascii"
-end
 
 end -- closure
 
@@ -104,9 +101,7 @@ local byte,char,gmatch,format=string.byte,string.char,string.gmatch,string.forma
 local floor=math.floor
 local P,R,S,V,Ct,C,Cs,Cc,Cp,Cmt=lpeg.P,lpeg.R,lpeg.S,lpeg.V,lpeg.Ct,lpeg.C,lpeg.Cs,lpeg.Cc,lpeg.Cp,lpeg.Cmt
 local lpegtype,lpegmatch,lpegprint=lpeg.type,lpeg.match,lpeg.print
-if setinspector then
-  setinspector(function(v) if lpegtype(v) then lpegprint(v) return true end end)
-end
+setinspector(function(v) if lpegtype(v) then lpegprint(v) return true end end)
 lpeg.patterns=lpeg.patterns or {} 
 local patterns=lpeg.patterns
 local anything=P(1)
@@ -175,11 +170,9 @@ patterns.spacer=spacer
 patterns.whitespace=whitespace
 patterns.nonspacer=nonspacer
 patterns.nonwhitespace=nonwhitespace
-local stripper=spacer^0*C((spacer^0*nonspacer^1)^0)   
-local fullstripper=whitespace^0*C((whitespace^0*nonwhitespace^1)^0)
+local stripper=spacer^0*C((spacer^0*nonspacer^1)^0)
 local collapser=Cs(spacer^0/""*nonspacer^0*((spacer^0/" "*nonspacer^1)^0))
 patterns.stripper=stripper
-patterns.fullstripper=fullstripper
 patterns.collapser=collapser
 patterns.lowercase=lowercase
 patterns.uppercase=uppercase
@@ -402,7 +395,7 @@ function lpeg.replacer(one,two,makefunction,isutf)
     return pattern
   end
 end
-function lpeg.finder(lst,makefunction,isutf) 
+function lpeg.finder(lst,makefunction) 
   local pattern
   if type(lst)=="table" then
     pattern=P(false)
@@ -418,11 +411,7 @@ function lpeg.finder(lst,makefunction,isutf)
   else
     pattern=P(lst)
   end
-  if isutf then
-    pattern=((utf8char or 1)-pattern)^0*pattern
-  else
-    pattern=(1-pattern)^0*pattern
-  end
+  pattern=(1-pattern)^0*pattern
   if makefunction then
     return function(str)
       return lpegmatch(pattern,str)
@@ -759,15 +748,11 @@ function string.limit(str,n,sentinel)
   end
 end
 local stripper=patterns.stripper
-local fullstripper=patterns.fullstripper
 local collapser=patterns.collapser
 local longtostring=patterns.longtostring
 function string.strip(str)
   return lpegmatch(stripper,str) or ""
 end
-function string.fullstrip(str)
-  return lpegmatch(fullstripper,str) or ""
-end
 function string.collapsespaces(str)
   return lpegmatch(collapser,str) or ""
 end
@@ -1651,9 +1636,7 @@ function table.print(t,...)
     serialize(print,t,...)
   end
 end
-if setinspector then
-  setinspector(function(v) if type(v)=="table" then serialize(print,v,"table") return true end end)
-end
+setinspector(function(v) if type(v)=="table" then serialize(print,v,"table") return true end end)
 function table.sub(t,i,j)
   return { unpack(t,i,j) }
 end
@@ -2525,19 +2508,8 @@ local unpack,concat=table.unpack,table.concat
 local P,V,C,S,R,Ct,Cs,Cp,Carg,Cc=lpeg.P,lpeg.V,lpeg.C,lpeg.S,lpeg.R,lpeg.Ct,lpeg.Cs,lpeg.Cp,lpeg.Carg,lpeg.Cc
 local patterns,lpegmatch=lpeg.patterns,lpeg.match
 local utfchar,utfbyte=utf.char,utf.byte
-local loadstripped=nil
-if _LUAVERSION<5.2 then
-  loadstripped=function(str,shortcuts)
-    return load(str)
-  end
-else
-  loadstripped=function(str,shortcuts)
-    if shortcuts then
-      return load(dump(load(str),true),nil,nil,shortcuts)
-    else
-      return load(dump(load(str),true))
-    end
-  end
+local loadstripped=_LUAVERSION<5.2 and load or function(str)
+  return load(dump(load(str),true)) 
 end
 if not number then number={} end 
 local stripper=patterns.stripzeros
@@ -2687,58 +2659,31 @@ function number.sparseexponent(f,n)
   end
   return tostring(n)
 end
+local preamble=[[
+local type = type
+local tostring = tostring
+local tonumber = tonumber
+local format = string.format
+local concat = table.concat
+local signed = number.signed
+local points = number.points
+local basepoints = number.basepoints
+local utfchar = utf.char
+local utfbyte = utf.byte
+local lpegmatch = lpeg.match
+local nspaces = string.nspaces
+local tracedchar = string.tracedchar
+local autosingle = string.autosingle
+local autodouble = string.autodouble
+local sequenced = table.sequenced
+local formattednumber = number.formatted
+local sparseexponent = number.sparseexponent
+]]
 local template=[[
 %s
 %s
 return function(%s) return %s end
 ]]
-local preamble,environment="",{}
-if _LUAVERSION<5.2 then
-  preamble=[[
-local lpeg=lpeg
-local type=type
-local tostring=tostring
-local tonumber=tonumber
-local format=string.format
-local concat=table.concat
-local signed=number.signed
-local points=number.points
-local basepoints= number.basepoints
-local utfchar=utf.char
-local utfbyte=utf.byte
-local lpegmatch=lpeg.match
-local nspaces=string.nspaces
-local tracedchar=string.tracedchar
-local autosingle=string.autosingle
-local autodouble=string.autodouble
-local sequenced=table.sequenced
-local formattednumber=number.formatted
-local sparseexponent=number.sparseexponent
-    ]]
-else
-  environment={
-    global=global or _G,
-    lpeg=lpeg,
-    type=type,
-    tostring=tostring,
-    tonumber=tonumber,
-    format=string.format,
-    concat=table.concat,
-    signed=number.signed,
-    points=number.points,
-    basepoints=number.basepoints,
-    utfchar=utf.char,
-    utfbyte=utf.byte,
-    lpegmatch=lpeg.match,
-    nspaces=string.nspaces,
-    tracedchar=string.tracedchar,
-    autosingle=string.autosingle,
-    autodouble=string.autodouble,
-    sequenced=table.sequenced,
-    formattednumber=number.formatted,
-    sparseexponent=number.sparseexponent,
-  }
-end
 local arguments={ "a1" } 
 setmetatable(arguments,{ __index=function(t,k)
     local v=t[k-1]..",a"..k
@@ -3060,8 +3005,8 @@ local builder=Cs { "start",
   ["!"]=Carg(2)*prefix_any*P("!")*C((1-P("!"))^1)*P("!")/format_extension,
 }
 local direct=Cs (
-  P("%")*(S("+- .")+R("09"))^0*S("sqidfgGeExXo")*P(-1)/[[local format = string.format return function(str) return format("%0",str) end]]
-)
+    P("%")/""*Cc([[local format = string.format return function(str) return format("%]])*(S("+- .")+R("09"))^0*S("sqidfgGeExXo")*Cc([[",str) end]])*P(-1)
+  )
 local function make(t,str)
   local f
   local p
@@ -3073,7 +3018,7 @@ local function make(t,str)
     p=lpegmatch(builder,str,1,"..",t._extensions_) 
     if n>0 then
       p=format(template,preamble,t._preamble_,arguments[n],p)
-      f=loadstripped(p,t._environment_)() 
+      f=loadstripped(p)()
     else
       f=function() return str end
     end
@@ -3085,22 +3030,10 @@ local function use(t,fmt,...)
   return t[fmt](...)
 end
 strings.formatters={}
-if _LUAVERSION<5.2 then
-  function strings.formatters.new()
-    local t={ _extensions_={},_preamble_=preamble,_environment_={},_type_="formatter" }
-    setmetatable(t,{ __index=make,__call=use })
-    return t
-  end
-else
-  function strings.formatters.new()
-    local e={} 
-    for k,v in next,environment do
-      e[k]=v
-    end
-    local t={ _extensions_={},_preamble_="",_environment_=e,_type_="formatter" }
-    setmetatable(t,{ __index=make,__call=use })
-    return t
-  end
+function strings.formatters.new()
+  local t={ _extensions_={},_preamble_="",_type_="formatter" }
+  setmetatable(t,{ __index=make,__call=use })
+  return t
 end
 local formatters=strings.formatters.new() 
 string.formatters=formatters 
@@ -3108,12 +3041,8 @@ string.formatter=function(str,...) return formatters[str](...) end
 local function add(t,name,template,preamble)
   if type(t)=="table" and t._type_=="formatter" then
     t._extensions_[name]=template or "%s"
-    if type(preamble)=="string" then
+    if preamble then
       t._preamble_=preamble.."\n"..t._preamble_ 
-    elseif type(preamble)=="table" then
-      for k,v in next,preamble do
-        t._environment_[k]=v
-      end
     end
   end
 end
@@ -3122,15 +3051,9 @@ patterns.xmlescape=Cs((P("<")/"&lt;"+P(">")/"&gt;"+P("&")/"&amp;"+P('"')/"&quot;
 patterns.texescape=Cs((C(S("#$%\\{}"))/"\\%1"+P(1))^0)
 patterns.luaescape=Cs(((1-S('"\n'))^1+P('"')/'\\"'+P('\n')/'\\n"')^0) 
 patterns.luaquoted=Cs(Cc('"')*((1-S('"\n'))^1+P('"')/'\\"'+P('\n')/'\\n"')^0*Cc('"'))
-if _LUAVERSION<5.2 then
-  add(formatters,"xml",[[lpegmatch(xmlescape,%s)]],"local xmlescape = lpeg.patterns.xmlescape")
-  add(formatters,"tex",[[lpegmatch(texescape,%s)]],"local texescape = lpeg.patterns.texescape")
-  add(formatters,"lua",[[lpegmatch(luaescape,%s)]],"local luaescape = lpeg.patterns.luaescape")
-else
-  add(formatters,"xml",[[lpegmatch(xmlescape,%s)]],{ xmlescape=lpeg.patterns.xmlescape })
-  add(formatters,"tex",[[lpegmatch(texescape,%s)]],{ texescape=lpeg.patterns.texescape })
-  add(formatters,"lua",[[lpegmatch(luaescape,%s)]],{ luaescape=lpeg.patterns.luaescape })
-end
+add(formatters,"xml",[[lpegmatch(xmlescape,%s)]],[[local xmlescape = lpeg.patterns.xmlescape]])
+add(formatters,"tex",[[lpegmatch(texescape,%s)]],[[local texescape = lpeg.patterns.texescape]])
+add(formatters,"lua",[[lpegmatch(luaescape,%s)]],[[local luaescape = lpeg.patterns.luaescape]])
 
 end -- closure
 
@@ -6482,7 +6405,7 @@ local type,next,tonumber,tostring=type,next,tonumber,tostring
 local abs=math.abs
 local insert=table.insert
 local lpegmatch=lpeg.match
-local reversed,concat,remove,sortedkeys=table.reversed,table.concat,table.remove,table.sortedkeys
+local reversed,concat,remove=table.reversed,table.concat,table.remove
 local ioflush=io.flush
 local fastcopy,tohash,derivetable=table.fastcopy,table.tohash,table.derive
 local formatters=string.formatters
@@ -6504,7 +6427,7 @@ local report_otf=logs.reporter("fonts","otf loading")
 local fonts=fonts
 local otf=fonts.handlers.otf
 otf.glists={ "gsub","gpos" }
-otf.version=2.751 
+otf.version=2.749 
 otf.cache=containers.define("fonts","otf",otf.version,true)
 local fontdata=fonts.hashes.identifiers
 local chardata=characters and characters.data 
@@ -6656,7 +6579,6 @@ local valid_fields=table.tohash {
   "upos",
   "use_typo_metrics",
   "uwidth",
-  "validation_state",
   "version",
   "vert_base",
   "weight",
@@ -7123,6 +7045,7 @@ actions["prepare glyphs"]=function(data,filename,raw)
         }
         local altuni=glyph.altuni
         if altuni then
+          local d
           for i=1,#altuni do
             local a=altuni[i]
             local u=a.unicode
@@ -7135,8 +7058,15 @@ actions["prepare glyphs"]=function(data,filename,raw)
                 vv={ [u]=unicode }
                 variants[v]=vv
               end
+            elseif d then
+              d[#d+1]=u
+            else
+              d={ u }
             end
           end
+          if d then
+            duplicates[unicode]=d
+          end
         end
       else
         report_otf("potential problem: glyph %U is used but empty",index)
@@ -7154,49 +7084,47 @@ actions["check encoding"]=function(data,filename,raw)
   local duplicates=resources.duplicates
   local mapdata=raw.map or {}
   local unicodetoindex=mapdata and mapdata.map or {}
-  local indextounicode=mapdata and mapdata.backmap or {}
   local encname=lower(data.enc_name or mapdata.enc_name or "")
   local criterium=0xFFFF
   if find(encname,"unicode") then 
     if trace_loading then
       report_otf("checking embedded unicode map %a",encname)
     end
-      local hash={}
-      for index,unicode in next,indices do 
-        hash[index]=descriptions[unicode]
-      end
-      local reported={}
-      for unicode,index in next,unicodetoindex do
-        if not descriptions[unicode] then
-          local d=hash[index]
-          if d then
-            if d.unicode~=unicode then
-              local c=d.copies
-              if c then
-                c[unicode]=true
-              else
-                d.copies={ [unicode]=true }
+    for unicode,index in next,unicodetoindex do 
+      if unicode<=criterium and not descriptions[unicode] then
+        local parent=indices[index] 
+        if not parent then
+          report_otf("weird, unicode %U points to nowhere with index %H",unicode,index)
+        else
+          local parentdescription=descriptions[parent]
+          if parentdescription then
+            local altuni=parentdescription.altuni
+            if not altuni then
+              altuni={ { unicode=unicode } }
+              parentdescription.altuni=altuni
+              duplicates[parent]={ unicode }
+            else
+              local done=false
+              for i=1,#altuni do
+                if altuni[i].unicode==unicode then
+                  done=true
+                  break
+                end
               end
+              if not done then
+                insert(altuni,{ unicode=unicode })
+                insert(duplicates[parent],unicode)
+              end
+            end
+            if trace_loading then
+              report_otf("weird, unicode %U points to nowhere with index %H",unicode,index)
             end
-          elseif not reported[i] then
-            report_otf("missing index %i",index)
-            reported[i]=true
+          else
+            report_otf("weird, unicode %U points to %U with index %H",unicode,index)
           end
         end
       end
-      for index,data in next,hash do 
-        data.copies=sortedkeys(data.copies)
-      end
-      for index,unicode in next,indices do 
-        local description=hash[index]
-        local copies=description.copies
-        if copies then
-          duplicates[unicode]=copies
-          description.copies=nil
-        else
-          report_otf("copies but no unicode parent %U",unicode)
-        end
-      end
+    end
   elseif properties.cidinfo then
     report_otf("warning: no unicode map, used cidmap %a",properties.cidinfo.usedname)
   else
@@ -7204,7 +7132,6 @@ actions["check encoding"]=function(data,filename,raw)
   end
   if mapdata then
     mapdata.map={} 
-    mapdata.backmap={} 
   end
 end
 actions["add duplicates"]=function(data,filename,raw)
@@ -7215,37 +7142,28 @@ actions["add duplicates"]=function(data,filename,raw)
   local indices=resources.indices 
   local duplicates=resources.duplicates
   for unicode,d in next,duplicates do
-    local nofduplicates=#d
-    if nofduplicates>4 then
-      if trace_loading then
-        report_otf("ignoring excessive duplicates of %U (n=%s)",unicode,nofduplicates)
-      end
-    else
-      for i=1,nofduplicates do
-        local u=d[i]
-        if not descriptions[u] then
-          local description=descriptions[unicode]
-          local n=0
-          for _,description in next,descriptions do
-            if kerns then
-              local kerns=description.kerns
-              for _,k in next,kerns do
-                local ku=k[unicode]
-                if ku then
-                  k[u]=ku
-                  n=n+1
-                end
+    for i=1,#d do
+      local u=d[i]
+      if not descriptions[u] then
+        local description=descriptions[unicode]
+        local duplicate=table.copy(description) 
+        duplicate.comment=format("copy of U+%05X",unicode)
+        descriptions[u]=duplicate
+        local n=0
+        for _,description in next,descriptions do
+          if kerns then
+            local kerns=description.kerns
+            for _,k in next,kerns do
+              local ku=k[unicode]
+              if ku then
+                k[u]=ku
+                n=n+1
               end
             end
           end
-          if u>0 then
-            local duplicate=table.copy(description) 
-            duplicate.comment=format("copy of U+%05X",unicode)
-            descriptions[u]=duplicate
-            if trace_loading then
-              report_otf("duplicating %U to %U with index %H (%s kerns)",unicode,u,description.index,n)
-            end
-          end
+        end
+        if trace_loading then
+          report_otf("duplicating %U to %U with index %H (%s kerns)",unicode,u,description.index,n)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -7969,11 +7887,6 @@ actions["check metadata"]=function(data,filename,raw)
       ttftables[i].data="deleted"
     end
   end
-  if metadata.validation_state and table.contains(metadata.validation_state,"bad_ps_fontname") then
-    local name=file.nameonly(filename)
-    metadata.fontname="bad-fontname-"..name
-    metadata.fullname="bad-fullname-"..name
-  end
 end
 actions["cleanup tables"]=function(data,filename,raw)
   data.resources.indices=nil 
@@ -8271,24 +8184,6 @@ local function otftotfm(specification)
     local features=specification.features.normal
     local rawdata=otf.load(filename,sub,features and features.featurefile)
     if rawdata and next(rawdata) then
-      local descriptions=rawdata.descriptions
-      local duplicates=rawdata.resources.duplicates
-      if duplicates then
-        local nofduplicates,nofduplicated=0,0
-        for parent,list in next,duplicates do
-          for i=1,#list do
-            local unicode=list[i]
-            if not descriptions[unicode] then
-              descriptions[unicode]=descriptions[parent] 
-              nofduplicated=nofduplicated+1
-            end
-          end
-          nofduplicates=nofduplicates+#list
-        end
-        if trace_otf and nofduplicated~=nofduplicates then
-          report_otf("%i extra duplicates copied out of %i",nofduplicated,nofduplicates)
-        end
-      end
       rawdata.lookuphash={}
       tfmdata=copytotfm(rawdata,cache_id)
       if tfmdata and next(tfmdata) then
@@ -8986,12 +8881,26 @@ nodes.injections=nodes.injections or {}
 local injections=nodes.injections
 local nodecodes=nodes.nodecodes
 local glyph_code=nodecodes.glyph
+local disc_code=nodecodes.disc
 local kern_code=nodecodes.kern
-local nodepool=nodes.pool
+local nuts=nodes.nuts
+local nodepool=nuts.pool
 local newkern=nodepool.kern
-local traverse_id=node.traverse_id
-local insert_node_before=node.insert_before
-local insert_node_after=node.insert_after
+local tonode=nuts.tonode
+local tonut=nuts.tonut
+local getfield=nuts.getfield
+local getnext=nuts.getnext
+local getprev=nuts.getprev
+local getid=nuts.getid
+local getattr=nuts.getattr
+local getfont=nuts.getfont
+local getsubtype=nuts.getsubtype
+local getchar=nuts.getchar
+local setfield=nuts.setfield
+local setattr=nuts.setattr
+local traverse_id=nuts.traverse_id
+local insert_node_before=nuts.insert_before
+local insert_node_after=nuts.insert_after
 local a_kernpair=attributes.private('kernpair')
 local a_ligacomp=attributes.private('ligacomp')
 local a_markbase=attributes.private('markbase')
@@ -9010,21 +8919,21 @@ function injections.setcursive(start,nxt,factor,rlmode,exit,entry,tfmstart,tfmne
   local dx,dy=factor*(exit[1]-entry[1]),factor*(exit[2]-entry[2])
   local ws,wn=tfmstart.width,tfmnext.width
   local bound=#cursives+1
-  start[a_cursbase]=bound
-  nxt[a_curscurs]=bound
+  setattr(start,a_cursbase,bound)
+  setattr(nxt,a_curscurs,bound)
   cursives[bound]={ rlmode,dx,dy,ws,wn }
   return dx,dy,bound
 end
 function injections.setpair(current,factor,rlmode,r2lflag,spec,tfmchr)
   local x,y,w,h=factor*spec[1],factor*spec[2],factor*spec[3],factor*spec[4]
   if x~=0 or w~=0 or y~=0 or h~=0 then
-    local bound=current[a_kernpair]
+    local bound=getattr(current,a_kernpair)
     if bound then
       local kb=kerns[bound]
       kb[2],kb[3],kb[4],kb[5]=(kb[2] or 0)+x,(kb[3] or 0)+y,(kb[4] or 0)+w,(kb[5] or 0)+h
     else
       bound=#kerns+1
-      current[a_kernpair]=bound
+      setattr(current,a_kernpair,bound)
       kerns[bound]={ rlmode,x,y,w,h,r2lflag,tfmchr.width }
     end
     return x,y,w,h,bound
@@ -9035,7 +8944,7 @@ function injections.setkern(current,factor,rlmode,x,tfmchr)
   local dx=factor*x
   if dx~=0 then
     local bound=#kerns+1
-    current[a_kernpair]=bound
+    setattr(current,a_kernpair,bound)
     kerns[bound]={ rlmode,dx }
     return dx,bound
   else
@@ -9044,25 +8953,25 @@ function injections.setkern(current,factor,rlmode,x,tfmchr)
 end
 function injections.setmark(start,base,factor,rlmode,ba,ma,index,baseismark) 
   local dx,dy=factor*(ba[1]-ma[1]),factor*(ba[2]-ma[2])   
-  local bound=base[a_markbase]          
+  local bound=getattr(base,a_markbase)          
   local index=1
   if bound then
     local mb=marks[bound]
     if mb then
       index=#mb+1
       mb[index]={ dx,dy,rlmode }
-      start[a_markmark]=bound
-      start[a_markdone]=index
+      setattr(start,a_markmark,bound)
+      setattr(start,a_markdone,index)
       return dx,dy,bound
     else
-      report_injections("possible problem, %U is base mark without data (id %a)",base.char,bound)
+      report_injections("possible problem, %U is base mark without data (id %a)",getchar(base),bound)
     end
   end
   index=index or 1
   bound=#marks+1
-  base[a_markbase]=bound
-  start[a_markmark]=bound
-  start[a_markdone]=index
+  setattr(base,a_markbase,bound)
+  setattr(start,a_markmark,bound)
+  setattr(start,a_markdone,index)
   marks[bound]={ [index]={ dx,dy,rlmode,baseismark } }
   return dx,dy,bound
 end
@@ -9072,15 +8981,15 @@ end
 local function trace(head)
   report_injections("begin run")
   for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-    if n.subtype<256 then
-      local kp=n[a_kernpair]
-      local mb=n[a_markbase]
-      local mm=n[a_markmark]
-      local md=n[a_markdone]
-      local cb=n[a_cursbase]
-      local cc=n[a_curscurs]
-      local char=n.char
-      report_injections("font %s, char %U, glyph %c",n.font,char,char)
+    if getsubtype(n)<256 then
+      local kp=getattr(n,a_kernpair)
+      local mb=getattr(n,a_markbase)
+      local mm=getattr(n,a_markmark)
+      local md=getattr(n,a_markdone)
+      local cb=getattr(n,a_cursbase)
+      local cc=getattr(n,a_curscurs)
+      local char=getchar(n)
+      report_injections("font %s, char %U, glyph %c",getfont(n),char,char)
       if kp then
         local k=kerns[kp]
         if k[3] then
@@ -9121,21 +9030,23 @@ local function show_result(head)
   local current=head
   local skipping=false
   while current do
-    local id=current.id
+    local id=getid(current)
     if id==glyph_code then
-      report_injections("char: %C, width %p, xoffset %p, yoffset %p",current.char,current.width,current.xoffset,current.yoffset)
+      report_injections("char: %C, width %p, xoffset %p, yoffset %p",
+        getchar(current),getfield(current,"width"),getfield(current,"xoffset"),getfield(current,"yoffset"))
       skipping=false
     elseif id==kern_code then
-      report_injections("kern: %p",current.kern)
+      report_injections("kern: %p",getfield(current,"kern"))
       skipping=false
     elseif not skipping then
       report_injections()
       skipping=true
     end
-    current=current.next
+    current=getnext(current)
   end
 end
 function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
+  head=tonut(head)
   local has_marks,has_cursives,has_kerns=next(marks),next(cursives),next(kerns)
   if has_marks or has_cursives then
     if trace_injections then
@@ -9145,17 +9056,18 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
     if has_kerns then 
       local nf,tm=nil,nil
       for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do 
-        if n.subtype<256 then
+        if getsubtype(n)<256 then
           nofvalid=nofvalid+1
           valid[nofvalid]=n
-          if n.font~=nf then
-            nf=n.font
-            tm=fontdata[nf].resources.marks
+          local f=getfont(n)
+          if f~=nf then
+            nf=f
+            tm=fontdata[nf].resources.marks 
           end
           if tm then
-            mk[n]=tm[n.char]
+            mk[n]=tm[getchar(n)]
           end
-          local k=n[a_kernpair]
+          local k=getattr(n,a_kernpair)
           if k then
             local kk=kerns[k]
             if kk then
@@ -9175,15 +9087,16 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
     else
       local nf,tm=nil,nil
       for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-        if n.subtype<256 then
+        if getsubtype(n)<256 then
           nofvalid=nofvalid+1
           valid[nofvalid]=n
-          if n.font~=nf then
-            nf=n.font
-            tm=fontdata[nf].resources.marks
+          local f=getfont(n)
+          if f~=nf then
+            nf=f
+            tm=fontdata[nf].resources.marks 
           end
           if tm then
-            mk[n]=tm[n.char]
+            mk[n]=tm[getchar(n)]
           end
         end
       end
@@ -9192,7 +9105,7 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
       local cx={}
       if has_kerns and next(ky) then
         for n,k in next,ky do
-          n.yoffset=k
+          setfield(n,"yoffset",k)
         end
       end
       if has_cursives then
@@ -9201,9 +9114,9 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
         for i=1,nofvalid do 
           local n=valid[i]
           if not mk[n] then
-            local n_cursbase=n[a_cursbase]
+            local n_cursbase=getattr(n,a_cursbase)
             if p_cursbase then
-              local n_curscurs=n[a_curscurs]
+              local n_curscurs=getattr(n,a_curscurs)
               if p_cursbase==n_curscurs then
                 local c=cursives[n_curscurs]
                 if c then
@@ -9226,20 +9139,20 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
                 end
               end
             elseif maxt>0 then
-              local ny=n.yoffset
+              local ny=getfield(n,"yoffset")
               for i=maxt,1,-1 do
                 ny=ny+d[i]
                 local ti=t[i]
-                ti.yoffset=ti.yoffset+ny
+                setfield(ti,"yoffset",getfield(ti,"yoffset")+ny)
               end
               maxt=0
             end
             if not n_cursbase and maxt>0 then
-              local ny=n.yoffset
+              local ny=getfield(n,"yoffset")
               for i=maxt,1,-1 do
                 ny=ny+d[i]
                 local ti=t[i]
-                ti.yoffset=ny
+                setfield(ti,"yoffset",ny)
               end
               maxt=0
             end
@@ -9247,11 +9160,11 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
           end
         end
         if maxt>0 then
-          local ny=n.yoffset
+          local ny=getfield(n,"yoffset")
           for i=maxt,1,-1 do
             ny=ny+d[i]
             local ti=t[i]
-            ti.yoffset=ny
+            setfield(ti,"yoffset",ny)
           end
           maxt=0
         end
@@ -9262,57 +9175,66 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
       if has_marks then
         for i=1,nofvalid do
           local p=valid[i]
-          local p_markbase=p[a_markbase]
+          local p_markbase=getattr(p,a_markbase)
           if p_markbase then
             local mrks=marks[p_markbase]
             local nofmarks=#mrks
-            for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,p.next) do
-              local n_markmark=n[a_markmark]
+            for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,getnext(p)) do
+              local n_markmark=getattr(n,a_markmark)
               if p_markbase==n_markmark then
-                local index=n[a_markdone] or 1
+                local index=getattr(n,a_markdone) or 1
                 local d=mrks[index]
                 if d then
                   local rlmode=d[3]
                   local k=wx[p]
+                  local px=getfield(p,"xoffset")
+                  local ox=0
                   if k then
                     local x=k[2]
                     local w=k[4]
                     if w then
                       if rlmode and rlmode>=0 then
-                        n.xoffset=p.xoffset-p.width+d[1]-(w-x)
+                        ox=px-getfield(p,"width")+d[1]-(w-x)
                       else
-                        n.xoffset=p.xoffset-d[1]-x
+                        ox=px-d[1]-x
                       end
                     else
                       if rlmode and rlmode>=0 then
-                        n.xoffset=p.xoffset-p.width+d[1]
+                        ox=px-getfield(p,"width")+d[1]
                       else
-                        n.xoffset=p.xoffset-d[1]-x
+                        ox=px-d[1]-x
                       end
                     end
                   else
+                    local wp=getfield(p,"width")
+                    local wn=getfield(n,"width") 
                     if rlmode and rlmode>=0 then
-                      n.xoffset=p.xoffset-p.width+d[1]
+                      ox=px-wp+d[1]
                     else
-                      n.xoffset=p.xoffset-d[1]
+                      ox=px-d[1]
                     end
-                    local w=n.width
-                    if w~=0 then
-                      insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(-w/2))
-                      insert_node_after(head,n,newkern(-w/2))
+                    if wn~=0 then
+                      insert_node_before(head,n,newkern(-wn/2))
+                      insert_node_after(head,n,newkern(-wn/2))
                     end
                   end
+                  setfield(n,"xoffset",ox)
+                  local py=getfield(p,"yoffset")
+                  local oy=0
                   if mk[p] then
-                    n.yoffset=p.yoffset+d[2]
+                    oy=py+d[2]
                   else
-                    n.yoffset=n.yoffset+p.yoffset+d[2]
+                    oy=getfield(n,"yoffset")+py+d[2]
                   end
+                  setfield(n,"yoffset",oy)
                   if nofmarks==1 then
                     break
                   else
                     nofmarks=nofmarks-1
                   end
                 end
+              elseif not n_markmark then
+                break 
               else
               end
             end
@@ -9364,6 +9286,7 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
       if not keep then
         kerns={}
       end
+head=tonode(head)
       return head,true
     elseif not keep then
       kerns,cursives,marks={},{},{}
@@ -9373,14 +9296,14 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
       trace(head)
     end
     for n in traverse_id(glyph_code,head) do
-      if n.subtype<256 then
-        local k=n[a_kernpair]
+      if getsubtype(n)<256 then
+        local k=getattr(n,a_kernpair)
         if k then
           local kk=kerns[k]
           if kk then
             local rl,x,y,w=kk[1],kk[2] or 0,kk[3],kk[4]
             if y and y~=0 then
-              n.yoffset=y 
+              setfield(n,"yoffset",y) 
             end
             if w then
               local wx=w-x
@@ -9411,10 +9334,10 @@ function injections.handler(head,where,keep)
     if not keep then
       kerns={}
     end
-    return head,true
+    return tonode(head),true
   else
   end
-  return head,false
+  return tonode(head),false
 end
 
 end -- closure
@@ -9829,12 +9752,25 @@ registertracker("otf.positions","otf.marks,otf.kerns,otf.cursive")
 registertracker("otf.actions","otf.replacements,otf.positions")
 registertracker("otf.injections","nodes.injections")
 registertracker("*otf.sample","otf.steps,otf.actions,otf.analyzing")
-local insert_node_after=node.insert_after
-local delete_node=nodes.delete
-local copy_node=node.copy
-local find_node_tail=node.tail or node.slide
-local flush_node_list=node.flush_list
-local end_of_math=node.end_of_math
+local nuts=nodes.nuts
+local tonode=nuts.tonode
+local tonut=nuts.tonut
+local getfield=nuts.getfield
+local getnext=nuts.getnext
+local getprev=nuts.getprev
+local getid=nuts.getid
+local getattr=nuts.getattr
+local getfont=nuts.getfont
+local getsubtype=nuts.getsubtype
+local getchar=nuts.getchar
+local setfield=nuts.setfield
+local setattr=nuts.setattr
+local insert_node_after=nuts.insert_after
+local delete_node=nuts.delete
+local copy_node=nuts.copy
+local find_node_tail=nuts.tail
+local flush_node_list=nuts.flush_list
+local end_of_math=nuts.end_of_math
 local setmetatableindex=table.setmetatableindex
 local zwnj=0x200C
 local zwj=0x200D
@@ -9945,83 +9881,83 @@ local function pref(kind,lookupname)
   return formatters["feature %a, lookup %a"](kind,lookupname)
 end
 local function copy_glyph(g) 
-  local components=g.components
+  local components=getfield(g,"components")
   if components then
-    g.components=nil
+    setfield(g,"components",nil)
     local n=copy_node(g)
-    g.components=components
+    setfield(g,"components",components)
     return n
   else
     return copy_node(g)
   end
 end
 local function markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,char)
-  if start==stop and start.char==char then
+  if start==stop and getchar(start)==char then
     return head,start
   else
-    local prev=start.prev
-    local next=stop.next
-    start.prev=nil
-    stop.next=nil
+    local prev=getprev(start)
+    local next=getnext(stop)
+    setfield(start,"prev",nil)
+    setfield(stop,"next",nil)
     local base=copy_glyph(start)
     if head==start then
       head=base
     end
-    base.char=char
-    base.subtype=ligature_code
-    base.components=start
+    setfield(base,"char",char)
+    setfield(base,"subtype",ligature_code)
+    setfield(base,"components",start)
     if prev then
-      prev.next=base
+      setfield(prev,"next",base)
     end
     if next then
-      next.prev=base
+      setfield(next,"prev",base)
     end
-    base.next=next
-    base.prev=prev
+    setfield(base,"next",next)
+    setfield(base,"prev",prev)
     return head,base
   end
 end
 local function getcomponentindex(start)
-  if start.id~=glyph_code then
+  if getid(start)~=glyph_code then
     return 0
-  elseif start.subtype==ligature_code then
+  elseif getsubtype(start)==ligature_code then
     local i=0
-    local components=start.components
+    local components=getfield(start,"components")
     while components do
       i=i+getcomponentindex(components)
-      components=components.next
+      components=getnext(components)
     end
     return i
-  elseif not marks[start.char] then
+  elseif not marks[getchar(start)] then
     return 1
   else
     return 0
   end
 end
 local function toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,char,markflag,discfound) 
-  if start==stop and start.char==char then
-    start.char=char
+  if start==stop and getchar(start)==char then
+    setfield(start,"char",char)
     return head,start
   end
-  local prev=start.prev
-  local next=stop.next
-  start.prev=nil
-  stop.next=nil
+  local prev=getprev(start)
+  local next=getnext(stop)
+  setfield(start,"prev",nil)
+  setfield(stop,"next",nil)
   local base=copy_glyph(start)
   if start==head then
     head=base
   end
-  base.char=char
-  base.subtype=ligature_code
-  base.components=start 
+  setfield(base,"char",char)
+  setfield(base,"subtype",ligature_code)
+  setfield(base,"components",start) 
   if prev then
-    prev.next=base
+    setfield(prev,"next",base)
   end
   if next then
-    next.prev=base
+    setfield(next,"prev",base)
   end
-  base.next=next
-  base.prev=prev
+  setfield(base,"next",next)
+  setfield(base,"prev",prev)
   if not discfound then
     local deletemarks=markflag~="mark"
     local components=start
@@ -10030,42 +9966,42 @@ local function toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,char,markflag,discfoun
     local head=base
     local current=base
     while start do
-      local char=start.char
+      local char=getchar(start)
       if not marks[char] then
         baseindex=baseindex+componentindex
         componentindex=getcomponentindex(start)
       elseif not deletemarks then 
-        start[a_ligacomp]=baseindex+(start[a_ligacomp] or componentindex)
+        setattr(start,a_ligacomp,baseindex+(getattr(start,a_ligacomp) or componentindex))
         if trace_marks then
-          logwarning("%s: keep mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),start[a_ligacomp])
+          logwarning("%s: keep mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),getattr(start,a_ligacomp))
         end
         head,current=insert_node_after(head,current,copy_node(start)) 
       elseif trace_marks then
         logwarning("%s: delete mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char))
       end
-      start=start.next
+      start=getnext(start)
     end
-    local start=current.next
-    while start and start.id==glyph_code do
-      local char=start.char
+    local start=getnext(current)
+    while start and getid(start)==glyph_code do
+      local char=getchar(start)
       if marks[char] then
-        start[a_ligacomp]=baseindex+(start[a_ligacomp] or componentindex)
+        setattr(start,a_ligacomp,baseindex+(getattr(start,a_ligacomp) or componentindex))
         if trace_marks then
-          logwarning("%s: set mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),start[a_ligacomp])
+          logwarning("%s: set mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),getattr(start,a_ligacomp))
         end
       else
         break
       end
-      start=start.next
+      start=getnext(start)
     end
   end
   return head,base
 end
 function handlers.gsub_single(head,start,kind,lookupname,replacement)
   if trace_singles then
-    logprocess("%s: replacing %s by single %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),gref(replacement))
+    logprocess("%s: replacing %s by single %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(getchar(start)),gref(replacement))
   end
-  start.char=replacement
+  setfield(start,"char",replacement)
   return head,start,true
 end
 local function get_alternative_glyph(start,alternatives,value,trace_alternatives)
@@ -10091,7 +10027,7 @@ local function get_alternative_glyph(start,alternatives,value,trace_alternatives
         return false,trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, %s"](value,"out of range")
       end
     elseif value==0 then
-      return start.char,trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, %s"](value,"no change")
+      return getchar(start),trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, %s"](value,"no change")
     elseif value<1 then
       return alternatives[1],trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, taking %a"](value,1)
     else
@@ -10102,25 +10038,25 @@ end
 local function multiple_glyphs(head,start,multiple,ignoremarks)
   local nofmultiples=#multiple
   if nofmultiples>0 then
-    start.char=multiple[1]
+    setfield(start,"char",multiple[1])
     if nofmultiples>1 then
-      local sn=start.next
+      local sn=getnext(start)
       for k=2,nofmultiples do
         local n=copy_node(start) 
-        n.char=multiple[k]
-        n.next=sn
-        n.prev=start
+        setfield(n,"char",multiple[k])
+        setfield(n,"next",sn)
+        setfield(n,"prev",start)
         if sn then
-          sn.prev=n
+          setfield(sn,"prev",n)
         end
-        start.next=n
+        setfield(start,"next",n)
         start=n
       end
     end
     return head,start,true
   else
     if trace_multiples then
-      logprocess("no multiple for %s",gref(start.char))
+      logprocess("no multiple for %s",gref(getchar(start)))
     end
     return head,start,false
   end
@@ -10130,34 +10066,34 @@ function handlers.gsub_alternate(head,start,kind,lookupname,alternative,sequence
   local choice,comment=get_alternative_glyph(start,alternative,value,trace_alternatives)
   if choice then
     if trace_alternatives then
-      logprocess("%s: replacing %s by alternative %a to %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),choice,gref(choice),comment)
+      logprocess("%s: replacing %s by alternative %a to %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(getchar(start)),choice,gref(choice),comment)
     end
-    start.char=choice
+    setfield(start,"char",choice)
   else
     if trace_alternatives then
-      logwarning("%s: no variant %a for %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),value,gref(start.char),comment)
+      logwarning("%s: no variant %a for %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),value,gref(getchar(start)),comment)
     end
   end
   return head,start,true
 end
 function handlers.gsub_multiple(head,start,kind,lookupname,multiple,sequence)
   if trace_multiples then
-    logprocess("%s: replacing %s by multiple %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),gref(multiple))
+    logprocess("%s: replacing %s by multiple %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(getchar(start)),gref(multiple))
   end
   return multiple_glyphs(head,start,multiple,sequence.flags[1])
 end
 function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
-  local s,stop,discfound=start.next,nil,false
-  local startchar=start.char
+  local s,stop,discfound=getnext(start),nil,false
+  local startchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[startchar] then
     while s do
-      local id=s.id
-      if id==glyph_code and s.font==currentfont and s.subtype<256 then
-        local lg=ligature[s.char]
+      local id=getid(s)
+      if id==glyph_code and getfont(s)==currentfont and getsubtype(s)<256 then
+        local lg=ligature[getchar(s)]
         if lg then
           stop=s
           ligature=lg
-          s=s.next
+          s=getnext(s)
         else
           break
         end
@@ -10169,9 +10105,9 @@ function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
       local lig=ligature.ligature
       if lig then
         if trace_ligatures then
-          local stopchar=stop.char
+          local stopchar=getchar(stop)
           head,start=markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig)
-          logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 1",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(start.char))
+          logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 1",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(getchar(start)))
         else
           head,start=markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig)
         end
@@ -10182,18 +10118,18 @@ function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
   else
     local skipmark=sequence.flags[1]
     while s do
-      local id=s.id
-      if id==glyph_code and s.subtype<256 then
-        if s.font==currentfont then
-          local char=s.char
+      local id=getid(s)
+      if id==glyph_code and getsubtype(s)<256 then
+        if getfont(s)==currentfont then
+          local char=getchar(s)
           if skipmark and marks[char] then
-            s=s.next
+            s=getnext(s)
           else
             local lg=ligature[char]
             if lg then
               stop=s
               ligature=lg
-              s=s.next
+              s=getnext(s)
             else
               break
             end
@@ -10203,7 +10139,7 @@ function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
         end
       elseif id==disc_code then
         discfound=true
-        s=s.next
+        s=getnext(s)
       else
         break
       end
@@ -10212,36 +10148,35 @@ function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
     if lig then
       if stop then
         if trace_ligatures then
-          local stopchar=stop.char
+          local stopchar=getchar(stop)
           head,start=toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig,skipmark,discfound)
-          logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 2",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(start.char))
+          logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 2",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(getchar(start)))
         else
           head,start=toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig,skipmark,discfound)
         end
-        return head,start,true
       else
-        start.char=lig
+        setfield(start,"char",lig)
         if trace_ligatures then
           logprocess("%s: replacing %s by (no real) ligature %s case 3",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(lig))
         end
-        return head,start,true
       end
+      return head,start,true
     else
     end
   end
   return head,start,false
 end
 function handlers.gpos_mark2base(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
-    local base=start.prev 
-    if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-      local basechar=base.char
+    local base=getprev(start) 
+    if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+      local basechar=getchar(base)
       if marks[basechar] then
         while true do
-          base=base.prev
-          if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-            basechar=base.char
+          base=getprev(base)
+          if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+            basechar=getchar(base)
             if not marks[basechar] then
               break
             end
@@ -10290,16 +10225,16 @@ function handlers.gpos_mark2base(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence
   return head,start,false
 end
 function handlers.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
-    local base=start.prev 
-    if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-      local basechar=base.char
+    local base=getprev(start) 
+    if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+      local basechar=getchar(base)
       if marks[basechar] then
         while true do
-          base=base.prev
-          if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-            basechar=base.char
+          base=getprev(base)
+          if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+            basechar=getchar(base)
             if not marks[basechar] then
               break
             end
@@ -10311,7 +10246,7 @@ function handlers.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequ
           end
         end
       end
-      local index=start[a_ligacomp]
+      local index=getattr(start,a_ligacomp)
       local baseanchors=descriptions[basechar]
       if baseanchors then
         baseanchors=baseanchors.anchors
@@ -10356,22 +10291,22 @@ function handlers.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequ
   return head,start,false
 end
 function handlers.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
-    local base=start.prev 
-    local slc=start[a_ligacomp]
+    local base=getprev(start) 
+    local slc=getattr(start,a_ligacomp)
     if slc then 
       while base do
-        local blc=base[a_ligacomp]
+        local blc=getattr(base,a_ligacomp)
         if blc and blc~=slc then
-          base=base.prev
+          base=getprev(base)
         else
           break
         end
       end
     end
-    if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then 
-      local basechar=base.char
+    if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then 
+      local basechar=getchar(base)
       local baseanchors=descriptions[basechar]
       if baseanchors then
         baseanchors=baseanchors.anchors
@@ -10409,20 +10344,20 @@ function handlers.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence
   return head,start,false
 end
 function handlers.gpos_cursive(head,start,kind,lookupname,exitanchors,sequence) 
-  local alreadydone=cursonce and start[a_cursbase]
+  local alreadydone=cursonce and getattr(start,a_cursbase)
   if not alreadydone then
     local done=false
-    local startchar=start.char
+    local startchar=getchar(start)
     if marks[startchar] then
       if trace_cursive then
         logprocess("%s: ignoring cursive for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
       end
     else
-      local nxt=start.next
-      while not done and nxt and nxt.id==glyph_code and nxt.font==currentfont and nxt.subtype<256 do
-        local nextchar=nxt.char
+      local nxt=getnext(start)
+      while not done and nxt and getid(nxt)==glyph_code and getfont(nxt)==currentfont and getsubtype(nxt)<256 do
+        local nextchar=getchar(nxt)
         if marks[nextchar] then
-          nxt=nxt.next
+          nxt=getnext(nxt)
         else
           local entryanchors=descriptions[nextchar]
           if entryanchors then
@@ -10456,13 +10391,13 @@ function handlers.gpos_cursive(head,start,kind,lookupname,exitanchors,sequence)
     return head,start,done
   else
     if trace_cursive and trace_details then
-      logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),alreadydone)
+      logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(getchar(start)),alreadydone)
     end
     return head,start,false
   end
 end
 function handlers.gpos_single(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
-  local startchar=start.char
+  local startchar=getchar(start)
   local dx,dy,w,h=setpair(start,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],kerns,characters[startchar])
   if trace_kerns then
     logprocess("%s: shifting single %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),dx,dy,w,h)
@@ -10470,33 +10405,33 @@ function handlers.gpos_single(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
   return head,start,false
 end
 function handlers.gpos_pair(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
-  local snext=start.next
+  local snext=getnext(start)
   if not snext then
     return head,start,false
   else
     local prev,done=start,false
     local factor=tfmdata.parameters.factor
     local lookuptype=lookuptypes[lookupname]
-    while snext and snext.id==glyph_code and snext.font==currentfont and snext.subtype<256 do
-      local nextchar=snext.char
+    while snext and getid(snext)==glyph_code and getfont(snext)==currentfont and getsubtype(snext)<256 do
+      local nextchar=getchar(snext)
       local krn=kerns[nextchar]
       if not krn and marks[nextchar] then
         prev=snext
-        snext=snext.next
+        snext=getnext(snext)
       else
         if not krn then
         elseif type(krn)=="table" then
           if lookuptype=="pair" then 
             local a,b=krn[2],krn[3]
             if a and #a>0 then
-              local startchar=start.char
+              local startchar=getchar(start)
               local x,y,w,h=setpair(start,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],a,characters[startchar])
               if trace_kerns then
                 logprocess("%s: shifting first of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
               end
             end
             if b and #b>0 then
-              local startchar=start.char
+              local startchar=getchar(start)
               local x,y,w,h=setpair(snext,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],b,characters[nextchar])
               if trace_kerns then
                 logprocess("%s: shifting second of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
@@ -10509,7 +10444,7 @@ function handlers.gpos_pair(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
         elseif krn~=0 then
           local k=setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,krn)
           if trace_kerns then
-            logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",pref(kind,lookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
+            logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",pref(kind,lookupname),k,gref(getchar(prev)),gref(nextchar))
           end
           done=true
         end
@@ -10544,13 +10479,13 @@ function chainmores.chainsub(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,looku
   return head,start,false
 end
 function chainprocs.reversesub(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,replacements)
-  local char=start.char
+  local char=getchar(start)
   local replacement=replacements[char]
   if replacement then
     if trace_singles then
       logprocess("%s: single reverse replacement of %s by %s",cref(kind,chainname),gref(char),gref(replacement))
     end
-    start.char=replacement
+    setfield(start,"char",replacement)
     return head,start,true
   else
     return head,start,false
@@ -10563,8 +10498,8 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lo
     logwarning("todo: check if we need to loop over the replacements: %s",concat(subtables," "))
   end
   while current do
-    if current.id==glyph_code then
-      local currentchar=current.char
+    if getid(current)==glyph_code then
+      local currentchar=getchar(current)
       local lookupname=subtables[1] 
       local replacement=lookuphash[lookupname]
       if not replacement then
@@ -10581,21 +10516,21 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lo
           if trace_singles then
             logprocess("%s: replacing single %s by %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(currentchar),gref(replacement))
           end
-          current.char=replacement
+          setfield(current,"char",replacement)
         end
       end
       return head,start,true
     elseif current==stop then
       break
     else
-      current=current.next
+      current=getnext(current)
     end
   end
   return head,start,false
 end
 chainmores.gsub_single=chainprocs.gsub_single
 function chainprocs.gsub_multiple(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-  local startchar=start.char
+  local startchar=getchar(start)
   local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
   local lookupname=subtables[1]
   local replacements=lookuphash[lookupname]
@@ -10624,8 +10559,8 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_alternate(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
   local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
   local value=featurevalue==true and tfmdata.shared.features[kind] or featurevalue
   while current do
-    if current.id==glyph_code then 
-      local currentchar=current.char
+    if getid(current)==glyph_code then 
+      local currentchar=getchar(current)
       local lookupname=subtables[1]
       local alternatives=lookuphash[lookupname]
       if not alternatives then
@@ -10640,7 +10575,7 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_alternate(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
             if trace_alternatives then
               logprocess("%s: replacing %s by alternative %a to %s, %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(char),choice,gref(choice),comment)
             end
-            start.char=choice
+            setfield(start,"char",choice)
           else
             if trace_alternatives then
               logwarning("%s: no variant %a for %s, %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),value,gref(char),comment)
@@ -10654,14 +10589,14 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_alternate(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
     elseif current==stop then
       break
     else
-      current=current.next
+      current=getnext(current)
     end
   end
   return head,start,false
 end
 chainmores.gsub_alternate=chainprocs.gsub_alternate
 function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex)
-  local startchar=start.char
+  local startchar=getchar(start)
   local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
   local lookupname=subtables[1]
   local ligatures=lookuphash[lookupname]
@@ -10676,20 +10611,20 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,
         logwarning("%s: no ligatures starting with %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar))
       end
     else
-      local s=start.next
+      local s=getnext(start)
       local discfound=false
       local last=stop
       local nofreplacements=0
       local skipmark=currentlookup.flags[1]
       while s do
-        local id=s.id
+        local id=getid(s)
         if id==disc_code then
-          s=s.next
+          s=getnext(s)
           discfound=true
         else
-          local schar=s.char
+          local schar=getchar(s)
           if skipmark and marks[schar] then 
-            s=s.next
+            s=getnext(s)
           else
             local lg=ligatures[schar]
             if lg then
@@ -10697,7 +10632,7 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,
               if s==stop then
                 break
               else
-                s=s.next
+                s=getnext(s)
               end
             else
               break
@@ -10714,7 +10649,7 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,
           if start==stop then
             logprocess("%s: replacing character %s by ligature %s case 3",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(l2))
           else
-            logprocess("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature %s case 4",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(stop.char),gref(l2))
+            logprocess("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature %s case 4",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(getchar(stop)),gref(l2))
           end
         end
         head,start=toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,l2,currentlookup.flags[1],discfound)
@@ -10723,7 +10658,7 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,
         if start==stop then
           logwarning("%s: replacing character %s by ligature fails",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar))
         else
-          logwarning("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature fails",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(stop.char))
+          logwarning("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature fails",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(getchar(stop)))
         end
       end
     end
@@ -10732,7 +10667,7 @@ function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,
 end
 chainmores.gsub_ligature=chainprocs.gsub_ligature
 function chainprocs.gpos_mark2base(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
     local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
     local lookupname=subtables[1]
@@ -10741,14 +10676,14 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2base(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
       markanchors=markanchors[markchar]
     end
     if markanchors then
-      local base=start.prev 
-      if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-        local basechar=base.char
+      local base=getprev(start) 
+      if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+        local basechar=getchar(base)
         if marks[basechar] then
           while true do
-            base=base.prev
-            if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-              basechar=base.char
+            base=getprev(base)
+            if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+              basechar=getchar(base)
               if not marks[basechar] then
                 break
               end
@@ -10795,7 +10730,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2base(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
   return head,start,false
 end
 function chainprocs.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
     local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
     local lookupname=subtables[1]
@@ -10804,14 +10739,14 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcon
       markanchors=markanchors[markchar]
     end
     if markanchors then
-      local base=start.prev 
-      if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-        local basechar=base.char
+      local base=getprev(start) 
+      if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+        local basechar=getchar(base)
         if marks[basechar] then
           while true do
-            base=base.prev
-            if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-              basechar=base.char
+            base=getprev(base)
+            if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then
+              basechar=getchar(base)
               if not marks[basechar] then
                 break
               end
@@ -10823,7 +10758,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcon
             end
           end
         end
-        local index=start[a_ligacomp]
+        local index=getattr(start,a_ligacomp)
         local baseanchors=descriptions[basechar].anchors
         if baseanchors then
           local baseanchors=baseanchors['baselig']
@@ -10862,7 +10797,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcon
   return head,start,false
 end
 function chainprocs.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-  local markchar=start.char
+  local markchar=getchar(start)
   if marks[markchar] then
       local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
       local lookupname=subtables[1]
@@ -10871,20 +10806,20 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
         markanchors=markanchors[markchar]
       end
       if markanchors then
-        local base=start.prev 
-        local slc=start[a_ligacomp]
+        local base=getprev(start) 
+        local slc=getattr(start,a_ligacomp)
         if slc then 
           while base do
-            local blc=base[a_ligacomp]
+            local blc=getattr(base,a_ligacomp)
             if blc and blc~=slc then
-              base=base.prev
+              base=getprev(base)
             else
               break
             end
           end
         end
-        if base and base.id==glyph_code and base.font==currentfont and base.subtype<256 then 
-          local basechar=base.char
+        if base and getid(base)==glyph_code and getfont(base)==currentfont and getsubtype(base)<256 then 
+          local basechar=getchar(base)
           local baseanchors=descriptions[basechar].anchors
           if baseanchors then
             baseanchors=baseanchors['basemark']
@@ -10920,9 +10855,9 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext
   return head,start,false
 end
 function chainprocs.gpos_cursive(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-  local alreadydone=cursonce and start[a_cursbase]
+  local alreadydone=cursonce and getattr(start,a_cursbase)
   if not alreadydone then
-    local startchar=start.char
+    local startchar=getchar(start)
     local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
     local lookupname=subtables[1]
     local exitanchors=lookuphash[lookupname]
@@ -10936,11 +10871,11 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_cursive(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,l
           logprocess("%s: ignoring cursive for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
         end
       else
-        local nxt=start.next
-        while not done and nxt and nxt.id==glyph_code and nxt.font==currentfont and nxt.subtype<256 do
-          local nextchar=nxt.char
+        local nxt=getnext(start)
+        while not done and nxt and getid(nxt)==glyph_code and getfont(nxt)==currentfont and getsubtype(nxt)<256 do
+          local nextchar=getchar(nxt)
           if marks[nextchar] then
-            nxt=nxt.next
+            nxt=getnext(nxt)
           else
             local entryanchors=descriptions[nextchar]
             if entryanchors then
@@ -10974,7 +10909,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_cursive(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,l
       return head,start,done
     else
       if trace_cursive and trace_details then
-        logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),alreadydone)
+        logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(getchar(start)),alreadydone)
       end
       return head,start,false
     end
@@ -10982,7 +10917,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_cursive(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,l
   return head,start,false
 end
 function chainprocs.gpos_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex,sequence)
-  local startchar=start.char
+  local startchar=getchar(start)
   local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
   local lookupname=subtables[1]
   local kerns=lookuphash[lookupname]
@@ -10999,9 +10934,9 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lo
 end
 chainmores.gpos_single=chainprocs.gpos_single
 function chainprocs.gpos_pair(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex,sequence)
-  local snext=start.next
+  local snext=getnext(start)
   if snext then
-    local startchar=start.char
+    local startchar=getchar(start)
     local subtables=currentlookup.subtables
     local lookupname=subtables[1]
     local kerns=lookuphash[lookupname]
@@ -11011,26 +10946,26 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_pair(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,look
         local lookuptype=lookuptypes[lookupname]
         local prev,done=start,false
         local factor=tfmdata.parameters.factor
-        while snext and snext.id==glyph_code and snext.font==currentfont and snext.subtype<256 do
-          local nextchar=snext.char
+        while snext and getid(snext)==glyph_code and getfont(snext)==currentfont and getsubtype(snext)<256 do
+          local nextchar=getchar(snext)
           local krn=kerns[nextchar]
           if not krn and marks[nextchar] then
             prev=snext
-            snext=snext.next
+            snext=getnext(snext)
           else
             if not krn then
             elseif type(krn)=="table" then
               if lookuptype=="pair" then
                 local a,b=krn[2],krn[3]
                 if a and #a>0 then
-                  local startchar=start.char
+                  local startchar=getchar(start)
                   local x,y,w,h=setpair(start,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],a,characters[startchar])
                   if trace_kerns then
                     logprocess("%s: shifting first of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
                   end
                 end
                 if b and #b>0 then
-                  local startchar=start.char
+                  local startchar=getchar(start)
                   local x,y,w,h=setpair(snext,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],b,characters[nextchar])
                   if trace_kerns then
                     logprocess("%s: shifting second of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
@@ -11042,7 +10977,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_pair(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,look
                 if a and a~=0 then
                   local k=setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,a)
                   if trace_kerns then
-                    logprocess("%s: inserting first kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
+                    logprocess("%s: inserting first kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(getchar(prev)),gref(nextchar))
                   end
                 end
                 if b and b~=0 then
@@ -11053,7 +10988,7 @@ function chainprocs.gpos_pair(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,look
             elseif krn~=0 then
               local k=setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,krn)
               if trace_kerns then
-                logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
+                logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(getchar(prev)),gref(nextchar))
               end
               done=true
             end
@@ -11074,6 +11009,10 @@ local function show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
     logwarning("%s: skipping char %s, class %a, rule %a, lookuptype %a",cref(kind,chainname),gref(char),class,ck[1],ck[2])
   end
 end
+local quit_on_no_replacement=true
+directives.register("otf.chain.quitonnoreplacement",function(value) 
+  quit_on_no_replacement=value
+end)
 local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,sequence,lookuphash)
   local flags=sequence.flags
   local done=false
@@ -11091,7 +11030,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
     local seq=ck[3]
     local s=#seq
     if s==1 then
-      match=current.id==glyph_code and current.font==currentfont and current.subtype<256 and seq[1][current.char]
+      match=getid(current)==glyph_code and getfont(current)==currentfont and getsubtype(current)<256 and seq[1][getchar(current)]
     else
       local f,l=ck[4],ck[5]
       if f==1 and f==l then
@@ -11099,13 +11038,13 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
         if f==l then
         else
           local n=f+1
-          last=last.next
+          last=getnext(last)
           while n<=l do
             if last then
-              local id=last.id
+              local id=getid(last)
               if id==glyph_code then
-                if last.font==currentfont and last.subtype<256 then
-                  local char=last.char
+                if getfont(last)==currentfont and getsubtype(last)<256 then
+                  local char=getchar(last)
                   local ccd=descriptions[char]
                   if ccd then
                     local class=ccd.class
@@ -11114,10 +11053,10 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
                       if trace_skips then
                         show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
                       end
-                      last=last.next
+                      last=getnext(last)
                     elseif seq[n][char] then
                       if n<l then
-                        last=last.next
+                        last=getnext(last)
                       end
                       n=n+1
                     else
@@ -11133,7 +11072,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
                   break
                 end
               elseif id==disc_code then
-                last=last.next
+                last=getnext(last)
               else
                 match=false
                 break
@@ -11146,15 +11085,15 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
         end
       end
       if match and f>1 then
-        local prev=start.prev
+        local prev=getprev(start)
         if prev then
           local n=f-1
           while n>=1 do
             if prev then
-              local id=prev.id
+              local id=getid(prev)
               if id==glyph_code then
-                if prev.font==currentfont and prev.subtype<256 then 
-                  local char=prev.char
+                if getfont(prev)==currentfont and getsubtype(prev)<256 then 
+                  local char=getchar(prev)
                   local ccd=descriptions[char]
                   if ccd then
                     local class=ccd.class
@@ -11184,7 +11123,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
                 match=false
                 break
               end
-              prev=prev.prev
+              prev=getprev(prev)
             elseif seq[n][32] then 
               n=n -1
             else
@@ -11204,15 +11143,15 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
         end
       end
       if match and s>l then
-        local current=last and last.next
+        local current=last and getnext(last)
         if current then
           local n=l+1
           while n<=s do
             if current then
-              local id=current.id
+              local id=getid(current)
               if id==glyph_code then
-                if current.font==currentfont and current.subtype<256 then 
-                  local char=current.char
+                if getfont(current)==currentfont and getsubtype(current)<256 then 
+                  local char=getchar(current)
                   local ccd=descriptions[char]
                   if ccd then
                     local class=ccd.class
@@ -11242,7 +11181,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
                 match=false
                 break
               end
-              current=current.next
+              current=getnext(current)
             elseif seq[n][32] then
               n=n+1
             else
@@ -11265,7 +11204,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
     if match then
       if trace_contexts then
         local rule,lookuptype,f,l=ck[1],ck[2],ck[4],ck[5]
-        local char=start.char
+        local char=getchar(start)
         if ck[9] then
           logwarning("%s: rule %s matches at char %s for (%s,%s,%s) chars, lookuptype %a, %a => %a",
             cref(kind,chainname),rule,gref(char),f-1,l-f+1,s-l,lookuptype,ck[9],ck[10])
@@ -11299,12 +11238,12 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
           repeat
             if skipped then
               while true do
-                local char=start.char
+                local char=getchar(start)
                 local ccd=descriptions[char]
                 if ccd then
                   local class=ccd.class
                   if class==skipmark or class==skipligature or class==skipbase or (markclass and class=="mark" and not markclass[char]) then
-                    start=start.next
+                    start=getnext(start)
                   else
                     break
                   end
@@ -11334,7 +11273,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
               end
             end
             if start then
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             else
             end
           until i>nofchainlookups
@@ -11344,7 +11283,7 @@ local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,seq
         if replacements then
           head,start,done=chainprocs.reversesub(head,start,last,kind,chainname,ck,lookuphash,replacements) 
         else
-          done=true 
+          done=quit_on_no_replacement 
           if trace_contexts then
             logprocess("%s: skipping match",cref(kind,chainname))
           end
@@ -11461,6 +11400,7 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
   if not lookuphash then
     return head,false
   end
+  head=tonut(head)
   if trace_steps then
     checkstep(head)
   end
@@ -11493,10 +11433,10 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
       local handler=handlers[typ]
       local start=find_node_tail(head) 
       while start do
-        local id=start.id
+        local id=getid(start)
         if id==glyph_code then
-          if start.font==font and start.subtype<256 then
-            local a=start[0]
+          if getfont(start)==font and getsubtype(start)<256 then
+            local a=getattr(start,0)
             if a then
               a=a==attr
             else
@@ -11507,7 +11447,7 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
                 local lookupname=subtables[i]
                 local lookupcache=lookuphash[lookupname]
                 if lookupcache then
-                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[start.char]
+                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(start)]
                   if lookupmatch then
                     head,start,success=handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
                     if success then
@@ -11518,15 +11458,15 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
                   report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
                 end
               end
-              if start then start=start.prev end
+              if start then start=getprev(start) end
             else
-              start=start.prev
+              start=getprev(start)
             end
           else
-            start=start.prev
+            start=getprev(start)
           end
         else
-          start=start.prev
+          start=getprev(start)
         end
       end
     else
@@ -11544,16 +11484,16 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
             local head=start
             local done=false
             while start do
-              local id=start.id
-              if id==glyph_code and start.font==font and start.subtype<256 then
-                local a=start[0]
+              local id=getid(start)
+              if id==glyph_code and getfont(start)==font and getsubtype(start)<256 then
+                local a=getattr(start,0)
                 if a then
-                  a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute)
+                  a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute)
                 else
-                  a=not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute
+                  a=not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute
                 end
                 if a then
-                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[start.char]
+                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(start)]
                   if lookupmatch then
                     local ok
                     head,start,ok=handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
@@ -11561,12 +11501,12 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
                       done=true
                     end
                   end
-                  if start then start=start.next end
+                  if start then start=getnext(start) end
                 else
-                  start=start.next
+                  start=getnext(start)
                 end
               else
-                start=start.next
+                start=getnext(start)
               end
             end
             if done then
@@ -11575,18 +11515,18 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
             end
           end
           local function kerndisc(disc) 
-            local prev=disc.prev
-            local next=disc.next
+            local prev=getprev(disc)
+            local next=getnext(disc)
             if prev and next then
-              prev.next=next
-              local a=prev[0]
+              setfield(prev,"next",next)
+              local a=getattr(prev,0)
               if a then
-                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or prev[a_state]==attribute)
+                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(prev,a_state)==attribute)
               else
-                a=not attribute or prev[a_state]==attribute
+                a=not attribute or getattr(prev,a_state)==attribute
               end
               if a then
-                local lookupmatch=lookupcache[prev.char]
+                local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(prev)]
                 if lookupmatch then
                   local h,d,ok=handler(head,prev,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
                   if ok then
@@ -11595,22 +11535,22 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
                   end
                 end
               end
-              prev.next=disc
+              setfield(prev,"next",disc)
             end
             return next
           end
           while start do
-            local id=start.id
+            local id=getid(start)
             if id==glyph_code then
-              if start.font==font and start.subtype<256 then
-                local a=start[0]
+              if getfont(start)==font and getsubtype(start)<256 then
+                local a=getattr(start,0)
                 if a then
-                  a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute)
+                  a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute)
                 else
-                  a=not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute
+                  a=not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute
                 end
                 if a then
-                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[start.char]
+                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(start)]
                   if lookupmatch then
                     local ok
                     head,start,ok=handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
@@ -11618,38 +11558,38 @@ local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
                       success=true
                     end
                   end
-                  if start then start=start.next end
+                  if start then start=getnext(start) end
                 else
-                  start=start.next
+                  start=getnext(start)
                 end
               else
-                start=start.next
+                start=getnext(start)
               end
             elseif id==disc_code then
-              if start.subtype==discretionary_code then
-                local pre=start.pre
+              if getsubtype(start)==discretionary_code then
+                local pre=getfield(start,"pre")
                 if pre then
                   local new=subrun(pre)
-                  if new then start.pre=new end
+                  if new then setfield(start,"pre",new) end
                 end
-                local post=start.post
+                local post=getfield(start,"post")
                 if post then
                   local new=subrun(post)
-                  if new then start.post=new end
+                  if new then setfield(start,"post",new) end
                 end
-                local replace=start.replace
+                local replace=getfield(start,"replace")
                 if replace then
                   local new=subrun(replace)
-                  if new then start.replace=new end
+                  if new then setfield(start,"replace",new) end
                 end
 elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
   kerndisc(start)
               end
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             elseif id==whatsit_code then 
-              local subtype=start.subtype
+              local subtype=getsubtype(start)
               if subtype==dir_code then
-                local dir=start.dir
+                local dir=getfield(start,"dir")
                 if   dir=="+TRT" or dir=="+TLT" then
                   topstack=topstack+1
                   dirstack[topstack]=dir
@@ -11668,7 +11608,7 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                   report_process("directions after txtdir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a, # stack %a, new dir %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode,topstack,newdir)
                 end
               elseif subtype==localpar_code then
-                local dir=start.dir
+                local dir=getfield(start,"dir")
                 if dir=="TRT" then
                   rlparmode=-1
                 elseif dir=="TLT" then
@@ -11681,11 +11621,11 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                   report_process("directions after pardir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode)
                 end
               end
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             elseif id==math_code then
-              start=end_of_math(start).next
+              start=getnext(end_of_math(start))
             else
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             end
           end
         end
@@ -11694,20 +11634,20 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
           local head=start
           local done=false
           while start do
-            local id=start.id
-            if id==glyph_code and start.id==font and start.subtype<256 then
-              local a=start[0]
+            local id=getid(start)
+            if id==glyph_code and getfont(start)==font and getsubtype(start)<256 then
+              local a=getattr(start,0)
               if a then
-                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute)
+                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute)
               else
-                a=not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute
+                a=not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute
               end
               if a then
                 for i=1,ns do
                   local lookupname=subtables[i]
                   local lookupcache=lookuphash[lookupname]
                   if lookupcache then
-                    local lookupmatch=lookupcache[start.char]
+                    local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(start)]
                     if lookupmatch then
                       local ok
                       head,start,ok=handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
@@ -11722,12 +11662,12 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                     report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
                   end
                 end
-                if start then start=start.next end
+                if start then start=getnext(start) end
               else
-                start=start.next
+                start=getnext(start)
               end
             else
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             end
           end
           if done then
@@ -11736,22 +11676,22 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
           end
         end
         local function kerndisc(disc) 
-          local prev=disc.prev
-          local next=disc.next
+          local prev=getprev(disc)
+          local next=getnext(disc)
           if prev and next then
-            prev.next=next
-            local a=prev[0]
+            setfield(prev,"next",next)
+            local a=getattr(prev,0)
             if a then
-              a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or prev[a_state]==attribute)
+              a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(prev,a_state)==attribute)
             else
-              a=not attribute or prev[a_state]==attribute
+              a=not attribute or getattr(prev,a_state)==attribute
             end
             if a then
               for i=1,ns do
                 local lookupname=subtables[i]
                 local lookupcache=lookuphash[lookupname]
                 if lookupcache then
-                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[prev.char]
+                  local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(prev)]
                   if lookupmatch then
                     local h,d,ok=handler(head,prev,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
                     if ok then
@@ -11764,26 +11704,26 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                 end
               end
             end
-            prev.next=disc
+            setfield(prev,"next",disc)
           end
           return next
         end
         while start do
-          local id=start.id
+          local id=getid(start)
           if id==glyph_code then
-            if start.font==font and start.subtype<256 then
-              local a=start[0]
+            if getfont(start)==font and getsubtype(start)<256 then
+              local a=getattr(start,0)
               if a then
-                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute)
+                a=(a==attr) and (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute)
               else
-                a=not attribute or start[a_state]==attribute
+                a=not attribute or getattr(start,a_state)==attribute
               end
               if a then
                 for i=1,ns do
                   local lookupname=subtables[i]
                   local lookupcache=lookuphash[lookupname]
                   if lookupcache then
-                    local lookupmatch=lookupcache[start.char]
+                    local lookupmatch=lookupcache[getchar(start)]
                     if lookupmatch then
                       local ok
                       head,start,ok=handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
@@ -11798,38 +11738,38 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                     report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
                   end
                 end
-                if start then start=start.next end
+                if start then start=getnext(start) end
               else
-                start=start.next
+                start=getnext(start)
               end
             else
-              start=start.next
+              start=getnext(start)
             end
           elseif id==disc_code then
-            if start.subtype==discretionary_code then
-              local pre=start.pre
+            if getsubtype(start)==discretionary_code then
+              local pre=getfield(start,"pre")
               if pre then
                 local new=subrun(pre)
-                if new then start.pre=new end
+                if new then setfield(start,"pre",new) end
               end
-              local post=start.post
+              local post=getfield(start,"post")
               if post then
                 local new=subrun(post)
-                if new then start.post=new end
+                if new then setfield(start,"post",new) end
               end
-              local replace=start.replace
+              local replace=getfield(start,"replace")
               if replace then
                 local new=subrun(replace)
-                if new then start.replace=new end
+                if new then setfield(start,"replace",new) end
               end
 elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
   kerndisc(start)
             end
-            start=start.next
+            start=getnext(start)
           elseif id==whatsit_code then
-            local subtype=start.subtype
+            local subtype=getsubtype(start)
             if subtype==dir_code then
-              local dir=start.dir
+              local dir=getfield(start,"dir")
               if   dir=="+TRT" or dir=="+TLT" then
                 topstack=topstack+1
                 dirstack[topstack]=dir
@@ -11848,7 +11788,7 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                 report_process("directions after txtdir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a, # stack %a, new dir %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode,topstack,newdir)
               end
             elseif subtype==localpar_code then
-              local dir=start.dir
+              local dir=getfield(start,"dir")
               if dir=="TRT" then
                 rlparmode=-1
               elseif dir=="TLT" then
@@ -11861,11 +11801,11 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
                 report_process("directions after pardir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode)
               end
             end
-            start=start.next
+            start=getnext(start)
           elseif id==math_code then
-            start=end_of_math(start).next
+            start=getnext(end_of_math(start))
           else
-            start=start.next
+            start=getnext(start)
           end
         end
       end
@@ -11877,6 +11817,7 @@ elseif typ=="gpos_single" or typ=="gpos_pair" then
       registerstep(head)
     end
   end
+  head=tonode(head)
   return head,done
 end
 local function generic(lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
diff --git a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-otn.lua b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-otn.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index c57be5f02..000000000
--- a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts-otn.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2848 +0,0 @@
-if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['font-otn'] = {
-    version   = 1.001,
-    comment   = "companion to font-ini.mkiv",
-    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
-    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
-    license   = "see context related readme files",
-}
-
--- preprocessors = { "nodes" }
-
--- this is still somewhat preliminary and it will get better in due time;
--- much functionality could only be implemented thanks to the husayni font
--- of Idris Samawi Hamid to who we dedicate this module.
-
--- in retrospect it always looks easy but believe it or not, it took a lot
--- of work to get proper open type support done: buggy fonts, fuzzy specs,
--- special made testfonts, many skype sessions between taco, idris and me,
--- torture tests etc etc ... unfortunately the code does not show how much
--- time it took ...
-
--- todo:
---
--- kerning is probably not yet ok for latin around dics nodes (interesting challenge)
--- extension infrastructure (for usage out of context)
--- sorting features according to vendors/renderers
--- alternative loop quitters
--- check cursive and r2l
--- find out where ignore-mark-classes went
--- default features (per language, script)
--- handle positions (we need example fonts)
--- handle gpos_single (we might want an extra width field in glyph nodes because adding kerns might interfere)
--- mark (to mark) code is still not what it should be (too messy but we need some more extreem husayni tests)
--- remove some optimizations (when I have a faster machine)
---
--- maybe redo the lot some way (more context specific)
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>This module is a bit more split up that I'd like but since we also want to test
-with plain <l n='tex'/> it has to be so. This module is part of <l n='context'/>
-and discussion about improvements and functionality mostly happens on the
-<l n='context'/> mailing list.</p>
-
-<p>The specification of OpenType is kind of vague. Apart from a lack of a proper
-free specifications there's also the problem that Microsoft and Adobe
-may have their own interpretation of how and in what order to apply features.
-In general the Microsoft website has more detailed specifications and is a
-better reference. There is also some information in the FontForge help files.</p>
-
-<p>Because there is so much possible, fonts might contain bugs and/or be made to
-work with certain rederers. These may evolve over time which may have the side
-effect that suddenly fonts behave differently.</p>
-
-<p>After a lot of experiments (mostly by Taco, me and Idris) we're now at yet another
-implementation. Of course all errors are mine and of course the code can be
-improved. There are quite some optimizations going on here and processing speed
-is currently acceptable. Not all functions are implemented yet, often because I
-lack the fonts for testing. Many scripts are not yet supported either, but I will
-look into them as soon as <l n='context'/> users ask for it.</p>
-
-<p>Because there are different interpretations possible, I will extend the code
-with more (configureable) variants. I can also add hooks for users so that they can
-write their own extensions.</p>
-
-<p>Glyphs are indexed not by unicode but in their own way. This is because there is no
-relationship with unicode at all, apart from the fact that a font might cover certain
-ranges of characters. One character can have multiple shapes. However, at the
-<l n='tex'/> end we use unicode so and all extra glyphs are mapped into a private
-space. This is needed because we need to access them and <l n='tex'/> has to include
-then in the output eventually.</p>
-
-<p>The raw table as it coms from <l n='fontforge'/> gets reorganized in to fit out needs.
-In <l n='context'/> that table is packed (similar tables are shared) and cached on disk
-so that successive runs can use the optimized table (after loading the table is
-unpacked). The flattening code used later is a prelude to an even more compact table
-format (and as such it keeps evolving).</p>
-
-<p>This module is sparsely documented because it is a moving target. The table format
-of the reader changes and we experiment a lot with different methods for supporting
-features.</p>
-
-<p>As with the <l n='afm'/> code, we may decide to store more information in the
-<l n='otf'/> table.</p>
-
-<p>Incrementing the version number will force a re-cache. We jump the number by one
-when there's a fix in the <l n='fontforge'/> library or <l n='lua'/> code that
-results in different tables.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
--- action                    handler     chainproc             chainmore              comment
---
--- gsub_single               ok          ok                    ok
--- gsub_multiple             ok          ok                    not implemented yet
--- gsub_alternate            ok          ok                    not implemented yet
--- gsub_ligature             ok          ok                    ok
--- gsub_context              ok          --
--- gsub_contextchain         ok          --
--- gsub_reversecontextchain  ok          --
--- chainsub                  --          ok
--- reversesub                --          ok
--- gpos_mark2base            ok          ok
--- gpos_mark2ligature        ok          ok
--- gpos_mark2mark            ok          ok
--- gpos_cursive              ok          untested
--- gpos_single               ok          ok
--- gpos_pair                 ok          ok
--- gpos_context              ok          --
--- gpos_contextchain         ok          --
---
--- todo: contextpos and contextsub and class stuff
---
--- actions:
---
--- handler   : actions triggered by lookup
--- chainproc : actions triggered by contextual lookup
--- chainmore : multiple substitutions triggered by contextual lookup (e.g. fij -> f + ij)
---
--- remark: the 'not implemented yet' variants will be done when we have fonts that use them
--- remark: we need to check what to do with discretionaries
-
--- We used to have independent hashes for lookups but as the tags are unique
--- we now use only one hash. If needed we can have multiple again but in that
--- case I will probably prefix (i.e. rename) the lookups in the cached font file.
-
--- Todo: make plugin feature that operates on char/glyphnode arrays
-
-local concat, insert, remove = table.concat, table.insert, table.remove
-local gmatch, gsub, find, match, lower, strip = string.gmatch, string.gsub, string.find, string.match, string.lower, string.strip
-local type, next, tonumber, tostring = type, next, tonumber, tostring
-local lpegmatch = lpeg.match
-local random = math.random
-local formatters = string.formatters
-
-local logs, trackers, nodes, attributes = logs, trackers, nodes, attributes
-
-local registertracker = trackers.register
-
-local fonts = fonts
-local otf   = fonts.handlers.otf
-
-local trace_lookups      = false  registertracker("otf.lookups",      function(v) trace_lookups      = v end)
-local trace_singles      = false  registertracker("otf.singles",      function(v) trace_singles      = v end)
-local trace_multiples    = false  registertracker("otf.multiples",    function(v) trace_multiples    = v end)
-local trace_alternatives = false  registertracker("otf.alternatives", function(v) trace_alternatives = v end)
-local trace_ligatures    = false  registertracker("otf.ligatures",    function(v) trace_ligatures    = v end)
-local trace_contexts     = false  registertracker("otf.contexts",     function(v) trace_contexts     = v end)
-local trace_marks        = false  registertracker("otf.marks",        function(v) trace_marks        = v end)
-local trace_kerns        = false  registertracker("otf.kerns",        function(v) trace_kerns        = v end)
-local trace_cursive      = false  registertracker("otf.cursive",      function(v) trace_cursive      = v end)
-local trace_preparing    = false  registertracker("otf.preparing",    function(v) trace_preparing    = v end)
-local trace_bugs         = false  registertracker("otf.bugs",         function(v) trace_bugs         = v end)
-local trace_details      = false  registertracker("otf.details",      function(v) trace_details      = v end)
-local trace_applied      = false  registertracker("otf.applied",      function(v) trace_applied      = v end)
-local trace_steps        = false  registertracker("otf.steps",        function(v) trace_steps        = v end)
-local trace_skips        = false  registertracker("otf.skips",        function(v) trace_skips        = v end)
-local trace_directions   = false  registertracker("otf.directions",   function(v) trace_directions   = v end)
-
-local report_direct   = logs.reporter("fonts","otf direct")
-local report_subchain = logs.reporter("fonts","otf subchain")
-local report_chain    = logs.reporter("fonts","otf chain")
-local report_process  = logs.reporter("fonts","otf process")
-local report_prepare  = logs.reporter("fonts","otf prepare")
-local report_warning  = logs.reporter("fonts","otf warning")
-
-registertracker("otf.verbose_chain", function(v) otf.setcontextchain(v and "verbose") end)
-registertracker("otf.normal_chain",  function(v) otf.setcontextchain(v and "normal")  end)
-
-registertracker("otf.replacements", "otf.singles,otf.multiples,otf.alternatives,otf.ligatures")
-registertracker("otf.positions","otf.marks,otf.kerns,otf.cursive")
-registertracker("otf.actions","otf.replacements,otf.positions")
-registertracker("otf.injections","nodes.injections")
-
-registertracker("*otf.sample","otf.steps,otf.actions,otf.analyzing")
-
-local insert_node_after  = node.insert_after
-local delete_node        = nodes.delete
-local copy_node          = node.copy
-local find_node_tail     = node.tail or node.slide
-local flush_node_list    = node.flush_list
-local end_of_math        = node.end_of_math
-
-local setmetatableindex  = table.setmetatableindex
-
-local zwnj               = 0x200C
-local zwj                = 0x200D
-local wildcard           = "*"
-local default            = "dflt"
-
-local nodecodes          = nodes.nodecodes
-local whatcodes          = nodes.whatcodes
-local glyphcodes         = nodes.glyphcodes
-local disccodes          = nodes.disccodes
-
-local glyph_code         = nodecodes.glyph
-local glue_code          = nodecodes.glue
-local disc_code          = nodecodes.disc
-local whatsit_code       = nodecodes.whatsit
-local math_code          = nodecodes.math
-
-local dir_code           = whatcodes.dir
-local localpar_code      = whatcodes.localpar
-
-local discretionary_code = disccodes.discretionary
-
-local ligature_code      = glyphcodes.ligature
-
-local privateattribute   = attributes.private
-
--- Something is messed up: we have two mark / ligature indices, one at the injection
--- end and one here ... this is bases in KE's patches but there is something fishy
--- there as I'm pretty sure that for husayni we need some connection (as it's much
--- more complex than an average font) but I need proper examples of all cases, not
--- of only some.
-
-local a_state            = privateattribute('state')
-local a_markbase         = privateattribute('markbase')
-local a_markmark         = privateattribute('markmark')
-local a_markdone         = privateattribute('markdone') -- assigned at the injection end
-local a_cursbase         = privateattribute('cursbase')
-local a_curscurs         = privateattribute('curscurs')
-local a_cursdone         = privateattribute('cursdone')
-local a_kernpair         = privateattribute('kernpair')
-local a_ligacomp         = privateattribute('ligacomp') -- assigned here (ideally it should be combined)
-
-local injections         = nodes.injections
-local setmark            = injections.setmark
-local setcursive         = injections.setcursive
-local setkern            = injections.setkern
-local setpair            = injections.setpair
-
-local markonce           = true
-local cursonce           = true
-local kernonce           = true
-
-local fonthashes         = fonts.hashes
-local fontdata           = fonthashes.identifiers
-
-local otffeatures        = fonts.constructors.newfeatures("otf")
-local registerotffeature = otffeatures.register
-
-local onetimemessage     = fonts.loggers.onetimemessage or function() end
-
-otf.defaultnodealternate = "none" -- first last
-
--- we share some vars here, after all, we have no nested lookups and less code
-
-local tfmdata             = false
-local characters          = false
-local descriptions        = false
-local resources           = false
-local marks               = false
-local currentfont         = false
-local lookuptable         = false
-local anchorlookups       = false
-local lookuptypes         = false
-local handlers            = { }
-local rlmode              = 0
-local featurevalue        = false
-
--- head is always a whatsit so we can safely assume that head is not changed
-
--- we use this for special testing and documentation
-
-local checkstep       = (nodes and nodes.tracers and nodes.tracers.steppers.check)    or function() end
-local registerstep    = (nodes and nodes.tracers and nodes.tracers.steppers.register) or function() end
-local registermessage = (nodes and nodes.tracers and nodes.tracers.steppers.message)  or function() end
-
-local function logprocess(...)
-    if trace_steps then
-        registermessage(...)
-    end
-    report_direct(...)
-end
-
-local function logwarning(...)
-    report_direct(...)
-end
-
-local f_unicode = formatters["%U"]
-local f_uniname = formatters["%U (%s)"]
-local f_unilist = formatters["% t (% t)"]
-
-local function gref(n) -- currently the same as in font-otb
-    if type(n) == "number" then
-        local description = descriptions[n]
-        local name = description and description.name
-        if name then
-            return f_uniname(n,name)
-        else
-            return f_unicode(n)
-        end
-    elseif n then
-        local num, nam = { }, { }
-        for i=1,#n do
-            local ni = n[i]
-            if tonumber(ni) then -- later we will start at 2
-                local di = descriptions[ni]
-                num[i] = f_unicode(ni)
-                nam[i] = di and di.name or "-"
-            end
-        end
-        return f_unilist(num,nam)
-    else
-        return "<error in node mode tracing>"
-    end
-end
-
-local function cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,index) -- not in the mood to alias f_
-    if index then
-        return formatters["feature %a, chain %a, sub %a, lookup %a, index %a"](kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,index)
-    elseif lookupname then
-        return formatters["feature %a, chain %a, sub %a, lookup %a"](kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname)
-    elseif chainlookupname then
-        return formatters["feature %a, chain %a, sub %a"](kind,chainname,chainlookupname)
-    elseif chainname then
-        return formatters["feature %a, chain %a"](kind,chainname)
-    else
-        return formatters["feature %a"](kind)
-    end
-end
-
-local function pref(kind,lookupname)
-    return formatters["feature %a, lookup %a"](kind,lookupname)
-end
-
--- We can assume that languages that use marks are not hyphenated. We can also assume
--- that at most one discretionary is present.
-
--- We do need components in funny kerning mode but maybe I can better reconstruct then
--- as we do have the font components info available; removing components makes the
--- previous code much simpler. Also, later on copying and freeing becomes easier.
--- However, for arabic we need to keep them around for the sake of mark placement
--- and indices.
-
-local function copy_glyph(g) -- next and prev are untouched !
-    local components = g.components
-    if components then
-        g.components = nil
-        local n = copy_node(g)
-        g.components = components
-        return n
-    else
-        return copy_node(g)
-    end
-end
-
--- start is a mark and we need to keep that one
-
-local function markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,char)
-    if start == stop and start.char == char then
-        return head, start
-    else
-        local prev = start.prev
-        local next = stop.next
-        start.prev = nil
-        stop.next = nil
-        local base = copy_glyph(start)
-        if head == start then
-            head = base
-        end
-        base.char = char
-        base.subtype = ligature_code
-        base.components = start
-        if prev then
-            prev.next = base
-        end
-        if next then
-            next.prev = base
-        end
-        base.next = next
-        base.prev = prev
-        return head, base
-    end
-end
-
--- The next code is somewhat complicated by the fact that some fonts can have ligatures made
--- from ligatures that themselves have marks. This was identified by Kai in for instance
--- arabtype:  KAF LAM SHADDA ALEF FATHA (0x0643 0x0644 0x0651 0x0627 0x064E). This becomes
--- KAF LAM-ALEF with a SHADDA on the first and a FATHA op de second component. In a next
--- iteration this becomes a KAF-LAM-ALEF with a SHADDA on the second and a FATHA on the
--- third component.
-
-local function getcomponentindex(start)
-    if start.id ~= glyph_code then
-        return 0
-    elseif start.subtype == ligature_code then
-        local i = 0
-        local components = start.components
-        while components do
-            i = i + getcomponentindex(components)
-            components = components.next
-        end
-        return i
-    elseif not marks[start.char] then
-        return 1
-    else
-        return 0
-    end
-end
-
--- eventually we will do positioning in an other way (needs addional w/h/d fields)
-
-local function toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,char,markflag,discfound) -- brr head
-    if start == stop and start.char == char then
-        start.char = char
-        return head, start
-    end
-    local prev = start.prev
-    local next = stop.next
-    start.prev = nil
-    stop.next = nil
-    local base = copy_glyph(start)
-    if start == head then
-        head = base
-    end
-    base.char = char
-    base.subtype = ligature_code
-    base.components = start -- start can have components
-    if prev then
-        prev.next = base
-    end
-    if next then
-        next.prev = base
-    end
-    base.next = next
-    base.prev = prev
-    if not discfound then
-        local deletemarks = markflag ~= "mark"
-        local components = start
-        local baseindex = 0
-        local componentindex = 0
-        local head = base
-        local current = base
-        -- first we loop over the glyphs in start .. stop
-        while start do
-            local char = start.char
-            if not marks[char] then
-                baseindex = baseindex + componentindex
-                componentindex = getcomponentindex(start)
-            elseif not deletemarks then -- quite fishy
-                start[a_ligacomp] = baseindex + (start[a_ligacomp] or componentindex)
-                if trace_marks then
-                    logwarning("%s: keep mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),start[a_ligacomp])
-                end
-                head, current = insert_node_after(head,current,copy_node(start)) -- unlikely that mark has components
-            elseif trace_marks then
-                logwarning("%s: delete mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char))
-            end
-            start = start.next
-        end
-        -- we can have one accent as part of a lookup and another following
-     -- local start = components -- was wrong (component scanning was introduced when more complex ligs in devanagari was added)
-        local start = current.next
-        while start and start.id == glyph_code do
-            local char = start.char
-            if marks[char] then
-                start[a_ligacomp] = baseindex + (start[a_ligacomp] or componentindex)
-                if trace_marks then
-                    logwarning("%s: set mark %s, gets index %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(char),start[a_ligacomp])
-                end
-            else
-                break
-            end
-            start = start.next
-        end
-    end
-    return head, base
-end
-
-function handlers.gsub_single(head,start,kind,lookupname,replacement)
-    if trace_singles then
-        logprocess("%s: replacing %s by single %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),gref(replacement))
-    end
-    start.char = replacement
-    return head, start, true
-end
-
-local function get_alternative_glyph(start,alternatives,value,trace_alternatives)
-    local n = #alternatives
-    if value == "random" then
-        local r = random(1,n)
-        return alternatives[r], trace_alternatives and formatters["value %a, taking %a"](value,r)
-    elseif value == "first" then
-        return alternatives[1], trace_alternatives and formatters["value %a, taking %a"](value,1)
-    elseif value == "last" then
-        return alternatives[n], trace_alternatives and formatters["value %a, taking %a"](value,n)
-    else
-        value = tonumber(value)
-        if type(value) ~= "number" then
-            return alternatives[1], trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %s, taking %a"](value,1)
-        elseif value > n then
-            local defaultalt = otf.defaultnodealternate
-            if defaultalt == "first" then
-                return alternatives[n], trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %s, taking %a"](value,1)
-            elseif defaultalt == "last" then
-                return alternatives[1], trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %s, taking %a"](value,n)
-            else
-                return false, trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, %s"](value,"out of range")
-            end
-        elseif value == 0 then
-            return start.char, trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, %s"](value,"no change")
-        elseif value < 1 then
-            return alternatives[1], trace_alternatives and formatters["invalid value %a, taking %a"](value,1)
-        else
-            return alternatives[value], trace_alternatives and formatters["value %a, taking %a"](value,value)
-        end
-    end
-end
-
-local function multiple_glyphs(head,start,multiple,ignoremarks)
-    local nofmultiples = #multiple
-    if nofmultiples > 0 then
-        start.char = multiple[1]
-        if nofmultiples > 1 then
-            local sn = start.next
-            for k=2,nofmultiples do -- todo: use insert_node
--- untested:
---
--- while ignoremarks and marks[sn.char] then
---     local sn = sn.next
--- end
-                local n = copy_node(start) -- ignore components
-                n.char = multiple[k]
-                n.next = sn
-                n.prev = start
-                if sn then
-                    sn.prev = n
-                end
-                start.next = n
-                start = n
-            end
-        end
-        return head, start, true
-    else
-        if trace_multiples then
-            logprocess("no multiple for %s",gref(start.char))
-        end
-        return head, start, false
-    end
-end
-
-function handlers.gsub_alternate(head,start,kind,lookupname,alternative,sequence)
-    local value = featurevalue == true and tfmdata.shared.features[kind] or featurevalue
-    local choice, comment = get_alternative_glyph(start,alternative,value,trace_alternatives)
-    if choice then
-        if trace_alternatives then
-            logprocess("%s: replacing %s by alternative %a to %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),choice,gref(choice),comment)
-        end
-        start.char = choice
-    else
-        if trace_alternatives then
-            logwarning("%s: no variant %a for %s, %s",pref(kind,lookupname),value,gref(start.char),comment)
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, true
-end
-
-function handlers.gsub_multiple(head,start,kind,lookupname,multiple,sequence)
-    if trace_multiples then
-        logprocess("%s: replacing %s by multiple %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),gref(multiple))
-    end
-    return multiple_glyphs(head,start,multiple,sequence.flags[1])
-end
-
-function handlers.gsub_ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,ligature,sequence)
-    local s, stop, discfound = start.next, nil, false
-    local startchar = start.char
-    if marks[startchar] then
-        while s do
-            local id = s.id
-            if id == glyph_code and s.font == currentfont and s.subtype<256 then
-                local lg = ligature[s.char]
-                if lg then
-                    stop = s
-                    ligature = lg
-                    s = s.next
-                else
-                    break
-                end
-            else
-                break
-            end
-        end
-        if stop then
-            local lig = ligature.ligature
-            if lig then
-                if trace_ligatures then
-                    local stopchar = stop.char
-                    head, start = markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig)
-                    logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 1",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(start.char))
-                else
-                    head, start = markstoligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig)
-                end
-                return head, start, true
-            else
-                -- ok, goto next lookup
-            end
-        end
-    else
-        local skipmark = sequence.flags[1]
-        while s do
-            local id = s.id
-            if id == glyph_code and s.subtype<256 then
-                if s.font == currentfont then
-                    local char = s.char
-                    if skipmark and marks[char] then
-                        s = s.next
-                    else
-                        local lg = ligature[char]
-                        if lg then
-                            stop = s
-                            ligature = lg
-                            s = s.next
-                        else
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                else
-                    break
-                end
-            elseif id == disc_code then
-                discfound = true
-                s = s.next
-            else
-                break
-            end
-        end
-        local lig = ligature.ligature
-        if lig then
-            if stop then
-                if trace_ligatures then
-                    local stopchar = stop.char
-                    head, start = toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig,skipmark,discfound)
-                    logprocess("%s: replacing %s upto %s by ligature %s case 2",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(stopchar),gref(start.char))
-                else
-                    head, start = toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,lig,skipmark,discfound)
-                end
-                return head, start, true
-            else
-                -- weird but happens (in some arabic font)
-                start.char = lig
-                if trace_ligatures then
-                    logprocess("%s: replacing %s by (no real) ligature %s case 3",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(lig))
-                end
-                return head, start, true
-            end
-        else
-            -- weird but happens
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>We get hits on a mark, but we're not sure if the it has to be applied so
-we need to explicitly test for basechar, baselig and basemark entries.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
-function handlers.gpos_mark2base(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-        local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [start=mark]
-        if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-            local basechar = base.char
-            if marks[basechar] then
-                while true do
-                    base = base.prev
-                    if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                        basechar = base.char
-                        if not marks[basechar] then
-                            break
-                        end
-                    else
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s: no base for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-                        end
-                        return head, start, false
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar]
-            if baseanchors then
-                baseanchors = baseanchors.anchors
-            end
-            if baseanchors then
-                local baseanchors = baseanchors['basechar']
-                if baseanchors then
-                    local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                    for anchor,ba in next, baseanchors do
-                        if al[anchor] then
-                            local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                            if ma then
-                                local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma)
-                                if trace_marks then
-                                    logprocess("%s, anchor %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to basechar %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                        pref(kind,lookupname),anchor,bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),dx,dy)
-                                end
-                                return head, start, true
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                    if trace_bugs then
-                        logwarning("%s, no matching anchors for mark %s and base %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                    end
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-            --  logwarning("%s: char %s is missing in font",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(basechar))
-                onetimemessage(currentfont,basechar,"no base anchors",report_fonts)
-            end
-        elseif trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: prev node is no char",pref(kind,lookupname))
-        end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function handlers.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-    -- check chainpos variant
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-        local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [optional marks] [start=mark]
-        if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-            local basechar = base.char
-            if marks[basechar] then
-                while true do
-                    base = base.prev
-                    if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                        basechar = base.char
-                        if not marks[basechar] then
-                            break
-                        end
-                    else
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s: no base for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-                        end
-                        return head, start, false
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            local index = start[a_ligacomp]
-            local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar]
-            if baseanchors then
-                baseanchors = baseanchors.anchors
-                if baseanchors then
-                   local baseanchors = baseanchors['baselig']
-                   if baseanchors then
-                        local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                        for anchor, ba in next, baseanchors do
-                            if al[anchor] then
-                                local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                                if ma then
-                                    ba = ba[index]
-                                    if ba then
-                                        local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma) -- index
-                                        if trace_marks then
-                                            logprocess("%s, anchor %s, index %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to baselig %s at index %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                                pref(kind,lookupname),anchor,index,bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),index,dx,dy)
-                                        end
-                                        return head, start, true
-                                    else
-                                        if trace_bugs then
-                                            logwarning("%s: no matching anchors for mark %s and baselig %s with index %a",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar),index)
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s: no matching anchors for mark %s and baselig %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-            --  logwarning("%s: char %s is missing in font",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(basechar))
-                onetimemessage(currentfont,basechar,"no base anchors",report_fonts)
-            end
-        elseif trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: prev node is no char",pref(kind,lookupname))
-        end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function handlers.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,kind,lookupname,markanchors,sequence)
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-        local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [basemark] [start=mark]
-        local slc = start[a_ligacomp]
-        if slc then -- a rather messy loop ... needs checking with husayni
-            while base do
-                local blc = base[a_ligacomp]
-                if blc and blc ~= slc then
-                    base = base.prev
-                else
-                    break
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then -- subtype test can go
-            local basechar = base.char
-            local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar]
-            if baseanchors then
-                baseanchors = baseanchors.anchors
-                if baseanchors then
-                    baseanchors = baseanchors['basemark']
-                    if baseanchors then
-                        local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                        for anchor,ba in next, baseanchors do
-                            if al[anchor] then
-                                local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                                if ma then
-                                    local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma,true)
-                                    if trace_marks then
-                                        logprocess("%s, anchor %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to basemark %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                            pref(kind,lookupname),anchor,bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),dx,dy)
-                                    end
-                                    return head, start, true
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s: no matching anchors for mark %s and basemark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-            --  logwarning("%s: char %s is missing in font",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(basechar))
-                onetimemessage(currentfont,basechar,"no base anchors",report_fonts)
-            end
-        elseif trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: prev node is no mark",pref(kind,lookupname))
-        end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function handlers.gpos_cursive(head,start,kind,lookupname,exitanchors,sequence) -- to be checked
-    local alreadydone = cursonce and start[a_cursbase]
-    if not alreadydone then
-        local done = false
-        local startchar = start.char
-        if marks[startchar] then
-            if trace_cursive then
-                logprocess("%s: ignoring cursive for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
-            end
-        else
-            local nxt = start.next
-            while not done and nxt and nxt.id == glyph_code and nxt.font == currentfont and nxt.subtype<256 do
-                local nextchar = nxt.char
-                if marks[nextchar] then
-                    -- should not happen (maybe warning)
-                    nxt = nxt.next
-                else
-                    local entryanchors = descriptions[nextchar]
-                    if entryanchors then
-                        entryanchors = entryanchors.anchors
-                        if entryanchors then
-                            entryanchors = entryanchors['centry']
-                            if entryanchors then
-                                local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                                for anchor, entry in next, entryanchors do
-                                    if al[anchor] then
-                                        local exit = exitanchors[anchor]
-                                        if exit then
-                                            local dx, dy, bound = setcursive(start,nxt,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,exit,entry,characters[startchar],characters[nextchar])
-                                            if trace_cursive then
-                                                logprocess("%s: moving %s to %s cursive (%p,%p) using anchor %s and bound %s in rlmode %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),dx,dy,anchor,bound,rlmode)
-                                            end
-                                            done = true
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                    elseif trace_bugs then
-                    --  logwarning("%s: char %s is missing in font",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
-                        onetimemessage(currentfont,startchar,"no entry anchors",report_fonts)
-                    end
-                    break
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        return head, start, done
-    else
-        if trace_cursive and trace_details then
-            logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),alreadydone)
-        end
-        return head, start, false
-    end
-end
-
-function handlers.gpos_single(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
-    local startchar = start.char
-    local dx, dy, w, h = setpair(start,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],kerns,characters[startchar])
-    if trace_kerns then
-        logprocess("%s: shifting single %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),dx,dy,w,h)
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function handlers.gpos_pair(head,start,kind,lookupname,kerns,sequence)
-    -- todo: kerns in disc nodes: pre, post, replace -> loop over disc too
-    -- todo: kerns in components of ligatures
-    local snext = start.next
-    if not snext then
-        return head, start, false
-    else
-        local prev, done = start, false
-        local factor = tfmdata.parameters.factor
-        local lookuptype = lookuptypes[lookupname]
-        while snext and snext.id == glyph_code and snext.font == currentfont and snext.subtype<256 do
-            local nextchar = snext.char
-            local krn = kerns[nextchar]
-            if not krn and marks[nextchar] then
-                prev = snext
-                snext = snext.next
-            else
-                if not krn then
-                    -- skip
-                elseif type(krn) == "table" then
-                    if lookuptype == "pair" then -- probably not needed
-                        local a, b = krn[2], krn[3]
-                        if a and #a > 0 then
-                            local startchar = start.char
-                            local x, y, w, h = setpair(start,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],a,characters[startchar])
-                            if trace_kerns then
-                                logprocess("%s: shifting first of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if b and #b > 0 then
-                            local startchar = start.char
-                            local x, y, w, h = setpair(snext,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],b,characters[nextchar])
-                            if trace_kerns then
-                                logprocess("%s: shifting second of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
-                            end
-                        end
-                    else -- wrong ... position has different entries
-                        report_process("%s: check this out (old kern stuff)",pref(kind,lookupname))
-                     -- local a, b = krn[2], krn[6]
-                     -- if a and a ~= 0 then
-                     --     local k = setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,a)
-                     --     if trace_kerns then
-                     --         logprocess("%s: inserting first kern %s between %s and %s",pref(kind,lookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
-                     --     end
-                     -- end
-                     -- if b and b ~= 0 then
-                     --     logwarning("%s: ignoring second kern xoff %s",pref(kind,lookupname),b*factor)
-                     -- end
-                    end
-                    done = true
-                elseif krn ~= 0 then
-                    local k = setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,krn)
-                    if trace_kerns then
-                        logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",pref(kind,lookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
-                    end
-                    done = true
-                end
-                break
-            end
-        end
-        return head, start, done
-    end
-end
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>I will implement multiple chain replacements once I run into a font that uses
-it. It's not that complex to handle.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
-local chainmores = { }
-local chainprocs = { }
-
-local function logprocess(...)
-    if trace_steps then
-        registermessage(...)
-    end
-    report_subchain(...)
-end
-
-local logwarning = report_subchain
-
-local function logprocess(...)
-    if trace_steps then
-        registermessage(...)
-    end
-    report_chain(...)
-end
-
-local logwarning = report_chain
-
--- We could share functions but that would lead to extra function calls with many
--- arguments, redundant tests and confusing messages.
-
-function chainprocs.chainsub(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,lookuplist,chainlookupname)
-    logwarning("%s: a direct call to chainsub cannot happen",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname))
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function chainmores.chainsub(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,lookuplist,chainlookupname,n)
-    logprocess("%s: a direct call to chainsub cannot happen",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname))
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
--- The reversesub is a special case, which is why we need to store the replacements
--- in a bit weird way. There is no lookup and the replacement comes from the lookup
--- itself. It is meant mostly for dealing with Urdu.
-
-function chainprocs.reversesub(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,replacements)
-    local char = start.char
-    local replacement = replacements[char]
-    if replacement then
-        if trace_singles then
-            logprocess("%s: single reverse replacement of %s by %s",cref(kind,chainname),gref(char),gref(replacement))
-        end
-        start.char = replacement
-        return head, start, true
-    else
-        return head, start, false
-    end
-end
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>This chain stuff is somewhat tricky since we can have a sequence of actions to be
-applied: single, alternate, multiple or ligature where ligature can be an invalid
-one in the sense that it will replace multiple by one but not neccessary one that
-looks like the combination (i.e. it is the counterpart of multiple then). For
-example, the following is valid:</p>
-
-<typing>
-<line>xxxabcdexxx [single a->A][multiple b->BCD][ligature cde->E] xxxABCDExxx</line>
-</typing>
-
-<p>Therefore we we don't really do the replacement here already unless we have the
-single lookup case. The efficiency of the replacements can be improved by deleting
-as less as needed but that would also make the code even more messy.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
--- local function delete_till_stop(head,start,stop,ignoremarks) -- keeps start
---     local n = 1
---     if start == stop then
---         -- done
---     elseif ignoremarks then
---         repeat -- start x x m x x stop => start m
---             local next = start.next
---             if not marks[next.char] then
---                 local components = next.components
---                 if components then -- probably not needed
---                     flush_node_list(components)
---                 end
---                 head = delete_node(head,next)
---             end
---             n = n + 1
---         until next == stop
---     else -- start x x x stop => start
---         repeat
---             local next = start.next
---             local components = next.components
---             if components then -- probably not needed
---                 flush_node_list(components)
---             end
---             head = delete_node(head,next)
---             n = n + 1
---         until next == stop
---     end
---     return head, n
--- end
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>Here we replace start by a single variant, First we delete the rest of the
-match.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
-function chainprocs.gsub_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex)
-    -- todo: marks ?
-    local current = start
-    local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-    if #subtables > 1 then
-        logwarning("todo: check if we need to loop over the replacements: %s",concat(subtables," "))
-    end
-    while current do
-        if current.id == glyph_code then
-            local currentchar = current.char
-            local lookupname = subtables[1] -- only 1
-            local replacement = lookuphash[lookupname]
-            if not replacement then
-                if trace_bugs then
-                    logwarning("%s: no single hits",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex))
-                end
-            else
-                replacement = replacement[currentchar]
-                if not replacement or replacement == "" then
-                    if trace_bugs then
-                        logwarning("%s: no single for %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(currentchar))
-                    end
-                else
-                    if trace_singles then
-                        logprocess("%s: replacing single %s by %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(currentchar),gref(replacement))
-                    end
-                    current.char = replacement
-                end
-            end
-            return head, start, true
-        elseif current == stop then
-            break
-        else
-            current = current.next
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-chainmores.gsub_single = chainprocs.gsub_single
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>Here we replace start by a sequence of new glyphs. First we delete the rest of
-the match.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
-function chainprocs.gsub_multiple(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
- -- local head, n = delete_till_stop(head,start,stop)
-    local startchar = start.char
-    local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-    local lookupname = subtables[1]
-    local replacements = lookuphash[lookupname]
-    if not replacements then
-        if trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: no multiple hits",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname))
-        end
-    else
-        replacements = replacements[startchar]
-        if not replacements or replacement == "" then
-            if trace_bugs then
-                logwarning("%s: no multiple for %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(startchar))
-            end
-        else
-            if trace_multiples then
-                logprocess("%s: replacing %s by multiple characters %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(replacements))
-            end
-            return multiple_glyphs(head,start,replacements,currentlookup.flags[1])
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-chainmores.gsub_multiple = chainprocs.gsub_multiple
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>Here we replace start by new glyph. First we delete the rest of the match.</p>
---ldx]]--
-
--- char_1 mark_1 -> char_x mark_1 (ignore marks)
--- char_1 mark_1 -> char_x
-
--- to be checked: do we always have just one glyph?
--- we can also have alternates for marks
--- marks come last anyway
--- are there cases where we need to delete the mark
-
-function chainprocs.gsub_alternate(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-    local current = start
-    local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-    local value  = featurevalue == true and tfmdata.shared.features[kind] or featurevalue
-    while current do
-        if current.id == glyph_code then -- is this check needed?
-            local currentchar = current.char
-            local lookupname = subtables[1]
-            local alternatives = lookuphash[lookupname]
-            if not alternatives then
-                if trace_bugs then
-                    logwarning("%s: no alternative hit",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname))
-                end
-            else
-                alternatives = alternatives[currentchar]
-                if alternatives then
-                    local choice, comment = get_alternative_glyph(current,alternatives,value,trace_alternatives)
-                    if choice then
-                        if trace_alternatives then
-                            logprocess("%s: replacing %s by alternative %a to %s, %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(char),choice,gref(choice),comment)
-                        end
-                        start.char = choice
-                    else
-                        if trace_alternatives then
-                            logwarning("%s: no variant %a for %s, %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),value,gref(char),comment)
-                        end
-                    end
-                elseif trace_bugs then
-                    logwarning("%s: no alternative for %s, %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(currentchar),comment)
-                end
-            end
-            return head, start, true
-        elseif current == stop then
-            break
-        else
-            current = current.next
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-chainmores.gsub_alternate = chainprocs.gsub_alternate
-
---[[ldx--
-<p>When we replace ligatures we use a helper that handles the marks. I might change
-this function (move code inline and handle the marks by a separate function). We
-assume rather stupid ligatures (no complex disc nodes).</p>
---ldx]]--
-
-function chainprocs.gsub_ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex)
-    local startchar = start.char
-    local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-    local lookupname = subtables[1]
-    local ligatures = lookuphash[lookupname]
-    if not ligatures then
-        if trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: no ligature hits",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex))
-        end
-    else
-        ligatures = ligatures[startchar]
-        if not ligatures then
-            if trace_bugs then
-                logwarning("%s: no ligatures starting with %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar))
-            end
-        else
-            local s = start.next
-            local discfound = false
-            local last = stop
-            local nofreplacements = 0
-            local skipmark = currentlookup.flags[1]
-            while s do
-                local id = s.id
-                if id == disc_code then
-                    s = s.next
-                    discfound = true
-                else
-                    local schar = s.char
-                    if skipmark and marks[schar] then -- marks
-                        s = s.next
-                    else
-                        local lg = ligatures[schar]
-                        if lg then
-                            ligatures, last, nofreplacements = lg, s, nofreplacements + 1
-                            if s == stop then
-                                break
-                            else
-                                s = s.next
-                            end
-                        else
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            local l2 = ligatures.ligature
-            if l2 then
-                if chainindex then
-                    stop = last
-                end
-                if trace_ligatures then
-                    if start == stop then
-                        logprocess("%s: replacing character %s by ligature %s case 3",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(l2))
-                    else
-                        logprocess("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature %s case 4",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(stop.char),gref(l2))
-                    end
-                end
-                head, start = toligature(kind,lookupname,head,start,stop,l2,currentlookup.flags[1],discfound)
-                return head, start, true, nofreplacements
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-                if start == stop then
-                    logwarning("%s: replacing character %s by ligature fails",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar))
-                else
-                    logwarning("%s: replacing character %s upto %s by ligature fails",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname,chainindex),gref(startchar),gref(stop.char))
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false, 0
-end
-
-chainmores.gsub_ligature = chainprocs.gsub_ligature
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_mark2base(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-        local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-        local lookupname = subtables[1]
-        local markanchors = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if markanchors then
-            markanchors = markanchors[markchar]
-        end
-        if markanchors then
-            local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [start=mark]
-            if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                local basechar = base.char
-                if marks[basechar] then
-                    while true do
-                        base = base.prev
-                        if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                            basechar = base.char
-                            if not marks[basechar] then
-                                break
-                            end
-                        else
-                            if trace_bugs then
-                                logwarning("%s: no base for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-                            end
-                            return head, start, false
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-                local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar].anchors
-                if baseanchors then
-                    local baseanchors = baseanchors['basechar']
-                    if baseanchors then
-                        local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                        for anchor,ba in next, baseanchors do
-                            if al[anchor] then
-                                local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                                if ma then
-                                    local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma)
-                                    if trace_marks then
-                                        logprocess("%s, anchor %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to basechar %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                            cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),anchor,bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),dx,dy)
-                                    end
-                                    return head, start, true
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s, no matching anchors for mark %s and base %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-                logwarning("%s: prev node is no char",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname))
-            end
-        elseif trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: mark %s has no anchors",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-        end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_mark2ligature(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-        local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-        local lookupname = subtables[1]
-        local markanchors = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if markanchors then
-            markanchors = markanchors[markchar]
-        end
-        if markanchors then
-            local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [optional marks] [start=mark]
-            if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                local basechar = base.char
-                if marks[basechar] then
-                    while true do
-                        base = base.prev
-                        if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then
-                            basechar = base.char
-                            if not marks[basechar] then
-                                break
-                            end
-                        else
-                            if trace_bugs then
-                                logwarning("%s: no base for mark %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),markchar)
-                            end
-                            return head, start, false
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-                -- todo: like marks a ligatures hash
-                local index = start[a_ligacomp]
-                local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar].anchors
-                if baseanchors then
-                   local baseanchors = baseanchors['baselig']
-                   if baseanchors then
-                        local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                        for anchor,ba in next, baseanchors do
-                            if al[anchor] then
-                                local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                                if ma then
-                                    ba = ba[index]
-                                    if ba then
-                                        local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma) -- index
-                                        if trace_marks then
-                                            logprocess("%s, anchor %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to baselig %s at index %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                                cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),anchor,a or bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),index,dx,dy)
-                                        end
-                                        return head, start, true
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if trace_bugs then
-                            logwarning("%s: no matching anchors for mark %s and baselig %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-                logwarning("feature %s, lookup %s: prev node is no char",kind,lookupname)
-            end
-        elseif trace_bugs then
-            logwarning("%s: mark %s has no anchors",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-        end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_mark2mark(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-    local markchar = start.char
-    if marks[markchar] then
-     -- local alreadydone = markonce and start[a_markmark]
-     -- if not alreadydone then
-        --  local markanchors = descriptions[markchar].anchors markanchors = markanchors and markanchors.mark
-            local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-            local lookupname = subtables[1]
-            local markanchors = lookuphash[lookupname]
-            if markanchors then
-                markanchors = markanchors[markchar]
-            end
-            if markanchors then
-                local base = start.prev -- [glyph] [basemark] [start=mark]
-                local slc = start[a_ligacomp]
-                if slc then -- a rather messy loop ... needs checking with husayni
-                    while base do
-                        local blc = base[a_ligacomp]
-                        if blc and blc ~= slc then
-                            base = base.prev
-                        else
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-                if base and base.id == glyph_code and base.font == currentfont and base.subtype<256 then -- subtype test can go
-                    local basechar = base.char
-                    local baseanchors = descriptions[basechar].anchors
-                    if baseanchors then
-                        baseanchors = baseanchors['basemark']
-                        if baseanchors then
-                            local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                            for anchor,ba in next, baseanchors do
-                                if al[anchor] then
-                                    local ma = markanchors[anchor]
-                                    if ma then
-                                        local dx, dy, bound = setmark(start,base,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,ba,ma,true)
-                                        if trace_marks then
-                                            logprocess("%s, anchor %s, bound %s: anchoring mark %s to basemark %s => (%p,%p)",
-                                                cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),anchor,bound,gref(markchar),gref(basechar),dx,dy)
-                                        end
-                                        return head, start, true
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                            if trace_bugs then
-                                logwarning("%s: no matching anchors for mark %s and basemark %s",gref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar),gref(basechar))
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                elseif trace_bugs then
-                    logwarning("%s: prev node is no mark",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname))
-                end
-            elseif trace_bugs then
-                logwarning("%s: mark %s has no anchors",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname,lookupname),gref(markchar))
-            end
-     -- elseif trace_marks and trace_details then
-     --     logprocess("%s, mark %s is already bound (n=%s), ignoring mark2mark",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(markchar),alreadydone)
-     -- end
-    elseif trace_bugs then
-        logwarning("%s: mark %s is no mark",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(markchar))
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_cursive(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname)
-    local alreadydone = cursonce and start[a_cursbase]
-    if not alreadydone then
-        local startchar = start.char
-        local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-        local lookupname = subtables[1]
-        local exitanchors = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if exitanchors then
-            exitanchors = exitanchors[startchar]
-        end
-        if exitanchors then
-            local done = false
-            if marks[startchar] then
-                if trace_cursive then
-                    logprocess("%s: ignoring cursive for mark %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
-                end
-            else
-                local nxt = start.next
-                while not done and nxt and nxt.id == glyph_code and nxt.font == currentfont and nxt.subtype<256 do
-                    local nextchar = nxt.char
-                    if marks[nextchar] then
-                        -- should not happen (maybe warning)
-                        nxt = nxt.next
-                    else
-                        local entryanchors = descriptions[nextchar]
-                        if entryanchors then
-                            entryanchors = entryanchors.anchors
-                            if entryanchors then
-                                entryanchors = entryanchors['centry']
-                                if entryanchors then
-                                    local al = anchorlookups[lookupname]
-                                    for anchor, entry in next, entryanchors do
-                                        if al[anchor] then
-                                            local exit = exitanchors[anchor]
-                                            if exit then
-                                                local dx, dy, bound = setcursive(start,nxt,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,exit,entry,characters[startchar],characters[nextchar])
-                                                if trace_cursive then
-                                                    logprocess("%s: moving %s to %s cursive (%p,%p) using anchor %s and bound %s in rlmode %s",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),dx,dy,anchor,bound,rlmode)
-                                                end
-                                                done = true
-                                                break
-                                            end
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        elseif trace_bugs then
-                        --  logwarning("%s: char %s is missing in font",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(startchar))
-                            onetimemessage(currentfont,startchar,"no entry anchors",report_fonts)
-                        end
-                        break
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            return head, start, done
-        else
-            if trace_cursive and trace_details then
-                logprocess("%s, cursive %s is already done",pref(kind,lookupname),gref(start.char),alreadydone)
-            end
-            return head, start, false
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_single(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex,sequence)
-    -- untested .. needs checking for the new model
-    local startchar = start.char
-    local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-    local lookupname = subtables[1]
-    local kerns = lookuphash[lookupname]
-    if kerns then
-        kerns = kerns[startchar] -- needed ?
-        if kerns then
-            local dx, dy, w, h = setpair(start,tfmdata.parameters.factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],kerns,characters[startchar])
-            if trace_kerns then
-                logprocess("%s: shifting single %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(startchar),dx,dy,w,h)
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-chainmores.gpos_single = chainprocs.gpos_single -- okay?
-
--- when machines become faster i will make a shared function
-
-function chainprocs.gpos_pair(head,start,stop,kind,chainname,currentcontext,lookuphash,currentlookup,chainlookupname,chainindex,sequence)
-    local snext = start.next
-    if snext then
-        local startchar = start.char
-        local subtables = currentlookup.subtables
-        local lookupname = subtables[1]
-        local kerns = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if kerns then
-            kerns = kerns[startchar]
-            if kerns then
-                local lookuptype = lookuptypes[lookupname]
-                local prev, done = start, false
-                local factor = tfmdata.parameters.factor
-                while snext and snext.id == glyph_code and snext.font == currentfont and snext.subtype<256 do
-                    local nextchar = snext.char
-                    local krn = kerns[nextchar]
-                    if not krn and marks[nextchar] then
-                        prev = snext
-                        snext = snext.next
-                    else
-                        if not krn then
-                            -- skip
-                        elseif type(krn) == "table" then
-                            if lookuptype == "pair" then
-                                local a, b = krn[2], krn[3]
-                                if a and #a > 0 then
-                                    local startchar = start.char
-                                    local x, y, w, h = setpair(start,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],a,characters[startchar])
-                                    if trace_kerns then
-                                        logprocess("%s: shifting first of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
-                                    end
-                                end
-                                if b and #b > 0 then
-                                    local startchar = start.char
-                                    local x, y, w, h = setpair(snext,factor,rlmode,sequence.flags[4],b,characters[nextchar])
-                                    if trace_kerns then
-                                        logprocess("%s: shifting second of pair %s and %s by (%p,%p) and correction (%p,%p)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),gref(startchar),gref(nextchar),x,y,w,h)
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            else
-                                report_process("%s: check this out (old kern stuff)",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname))
-                                local a, b = krn[2], krn[6]
-                                if a and a ~= 0 then
-                                    local k = setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,a)
-                                    if trace_kerns then
-                                        logprocess("%s: inserting first kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
-                                    end
-                                end
-                                if b and b ~= 0 then
-                                    logwarning("%s: ignoring second kern xoff %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),b*factor)
-                                end
-                            end
-                            done = true
-                        elseif krn ~= 0 then
-                            local k = setkern(snext,factor,rlmode,krn)
-                            if trace_kerns then
-                                logprocess("%s: inserting kern %s between %s and %s",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),k,gref(prev.char),gref(nextchar))
-                            end
-                            done = true
-                        end
-                        break
-                    end
-                end
-                return head, start, done
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, false
-end
-
-chainmores.gpos_pair = chainprocs.gpos_pair -- okay?
-
--- what pointer to return, spec says stop
--- to be discussed ... is bidi changer a space?
--- elseif char == zwnj and sequence[n][32] then -- brrr
-
--- somehow l or f is global
--- we don't need to pass the currentcontext, saves a bit
--- make a slow variant then can be activated but with more tracing
-
-local function show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
-    if ck[9] then
-        logwarning("%s: skipping char %s, class %a, rule %a, lookuptype %a, %a => %a",cref(kind,chainname),gref(char),class,ck[1],ck[2],ck[9],ck[10])
-    else
-        logwarning("%s: skipping char %s, class %a, rule %a, lookuptype %a",cref(kind,chainname),gref(char),class,ck[1],ck[2])
-    end
-end
-
-local function normal_handle_contextchain(head,start,kind,chainname,contexts,sequence,lookuphash)
-    --  local rule, lookuptype, sequence, f, l, lookups = ck[1], ck[2] ,ck[3], ck[4], ck[5], ck[6]
-    local flags        = sequence.flags
-    local done         = false
-    local skipmark     = flags[1]
-    local skipligature = flags[2]
-    local skipbase     = flags[3]
-    local someskip     = skipmark or skipligature or skipbase -- could be stored in flags for a fast test (hm, flags could be false !)
-    local markclass    = sequence.markclass                   -- todo, first we need a proper test
-    local skipped      = false
-    for k=1,#contexts do
-        local match   = true
-        local current = start
-        local last    = start
-        local ck      = contexts[k]
-        local seq     = ck[3]
-        local s       = #seq
-        -- f..l = mid string
-        if s == 1 then
-            -- never happens
-            match = current.id == glyph_code and current.font == currentfont and current.subtype<256 and seq[1][current.char]
-        else
-            -- maybe we need a better space check (maybe check for glue or category or combination)
-            -- we cannot optimize for n=2 because there can be disc nodes
-            local f, l = ck[4], ck[5]
-            -- current match
-            if f == 1 and f == l then -- current only
-                -- already a hit
-             -- match = true
-            else -- before/current/after | before/current | current/after
-                -- no need to test first hit (to be optimized)
-                if f == l then -- new, else last out of sync (f is > 1)
-                 -- match = true
-                else
-                    local n = f + 1
-                    last = last.next
-                    while n <= l do
-                        if last then
-                            local id = last.id
-                            if id == glyph_code then
-                                if last.font == currentfont and last.subtype<256 then
-                                    local char = last.char
-                                    local ccd = descriptions[char]
-                                    if ccd then
-                                        local class = ccd.class
-                                        if class == skipmark or class == skipligature or class == skipbase or (markclass and class == "mark" and not markclass[char]) then
-                                            skipped = true
-                                            if trace_skips then
-                                                show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
-                                            end
-                                            last = last.next
-                                        elseif seq[n][char] then
-                                            if n < l then
-                                                last = last.next
-                                            end
-                                            n = n + 1
-                                        else
-                                            match = false
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        match = false
-                                        break
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    match = false
-                                    break
-                                end
-                            elseif id == disc_code then
-                                last = last.next
-                            else
-                                match = false
-                                break
-                            end
-                        else
-                            match = false
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            -- before
-            if match and f > 1 then
-                local prev = start.prev
-                if prev then
-                    local n = f-1
-                    while n >= 1 do
-                        if prev then
-                            local id = prev.id
-                            if id == glyph_code then
-                                if prev.font == currentfont and prev.subtype<256 then -- normal char
-                                    local char = prev.char
-                                    local ccd = descriptions[char]
-                                    if ccd then
-                                        local class = ccd.class
-                                        if class == skipmark or class == skipligature or class == skipbase or (markclass and class == "mark" and not markclass[char]) then
-                                            skipped = true
-                                            if trace_skips then
-                                                show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
-                                            end
-                                        elseif seq[n][char] then
-                                            n = n -1
-                                        else
-                                            match = false
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        match = false
-                                        break
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    match = false
-                                    break
-                                end
-                            elseif id == disc_code then
-                                -- skip 'm
-                            elseif seq[n][32] then
-                                n = n -1
-                            else
-                                match = false
-                                break
-                            end
-                            prev = prev.prev
-                        elseif seq[n][32] then -- somewhat special, as zapfino can have many preceding spaces
-                            n = n -1
-                        else
-                            match = false
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                elseif f == 2 then
-                    match = seq[1][32]
-                else
-                    for n=f-1,1 do
-                        if not seq[n][32] then
-                            match = false
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-            -- after
-            if match and s > l then
-                local current = last and last.next
-                if current then
-                    -- removed optimization for s-l == 1, we have to deal with marks anyway
-                    local n = l + 1
-                    while n <= s do
-                        if current then
-                            local id = current.id
-                            if id == glyph_code then
-                                if current.font == currentfont and current.subtype<256 then -- normal char
-                                    local char = current.char
-                                    local ccd = descriptions[char]
-                                    if ccd then
-                                        local class = ccd.class
-                                        if class == skipmark or class == skipligature or class == skipbase or (markclass and class == "mark" and not markclass[char]) then
-                                            skipped = true
-                                            if trace_skips then
-                                                show_skip(kind,chainname,char,ck,class)
-                                            end
-                                        elseif seq[n][char] then
-                                            n = n + 1
-                                        else
-                                            match = false
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        match = false
-                                        break
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    match = false
-                                    break
-                                end
-                            elseif id == disc_code then
-                                -- skip 'm
-                            elseif seq[n][32] then -- brrr
-                                n = n + 1
-                            else
-                                match = false
-                                break
-                            end
-                            current = current.next
-                        elseif seq[n][32] then
-                            n = n + 1
-                        else
-                            match = false
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                elseif s-l == 1 then
-                    match = seq[s][32]
-                else
-                    for n=l+1,s do
-                        if not seq[n][32] then
-                            match = false
-                            break
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        if match then
-            -- ck == currentcontext
-            if trace_contexts then
-                local rule, lookuptype, f, l = ck[1], ck[2], ck[4], ck[5]
-                local char = start.char
-                if ck[9] then
-                    logwarning("%s: rule %s matches at char %s for (%s,%s,%s) chars, lookuptype %a, %a => %a",
-                        cref(kind,chainname),rule,gref(char),f-1,l-f+1,s-l,lookuptype,ck[9],ck[10])
-                else
-                    logwarning("%s: rule %s matches at char %s for (%s,%s,%s) chars, lookuptype %a",
-                        cref(kind,chainname),rule,gref(char),f-1,l-f+1,s-l,lookuptype)
-                end
-            end
-            local chainlookups = ck[6]
-            if chainlookups then
-                local nofchainlookups = #chainlookups
-                -- we can speed this up if needed
-                if nofchainlookups == 1 then
-                    local chainlookupname = chainlookups[1]
-                    local chainlookup = lookuptable[chainlookupname]
-                    if chainlookup then
-                        local cp = chainprocs[chainlookup.type]
-                        if cp then
-                            local ok
-                            head, start, ok = cp(head,start,last,kind,chainname,ck,lookuphash,chainlookup,chainlookupname,nil,sequence)
-                            if ok then
-                                done = true
-                            end
-                        else
-                            logprocess("%s: %s is not yet supported",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),chainlookup.type)
-                        end
-                    else -- shouldn't happen
-                        logprocess("%s is not yet supported",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname))
-                    end
-                 else
-                    local i = 1
-                    repeat
-                        if skipped then
-                            while true do
-                                local char = start.char
-                                local ccd = descriptions[char]
-                                if ccd then
-                                    local class = ccd.class
-                                    if class == skipmark or class == skipligature or class == skipbase or (markclass and class == "mark" and not markclass[char]) then
-                                        start = start.next
-                                    else
-                                        break
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    break
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        local chainlookupname = chainlookups[i]
-                        local chainlookup = lookuptable[chainlookupname]
-                        if not chainlookup then
-                            -- okay, n matches, < n replacements
-                            i = i + 1
-                        else
-                            local cp = chainmores[chainlookup.type]
-                            if not cp then
-                                -- actually an error
-                                logprocess("%s: %s is not yet supported",cref(kind,chainname,chainlookupname),chainlookup.type)
-                                i = i + 1
-                            else
-                                local ok, n
-                                head, start, ok, n = cp(head,start,last,kind,chainname,ck,lookuphash,chainlookup,chainlookupname,i,sequence)
-                                -- messy since last can be changed !
-                                if ok then
-                                    done = true
-                                    -- skip next one(s) if ligature
-                                    i = i + (n or 1)
-                                else
-                                    i = i + 1
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if start then
-                            start = start.next
-                        else
-                            -- weird
-                        end
-                    until i > nofchainlookups
-                end
-            else
-                local replacements = ck[7]
-                if replacements then
-                    head, start, done = chainprocs.reversesub(head,start,last,kind,chainname,ck,lookuphash,replacements) -- sequence
-                else
-                    done = true -- can be meant to be skipped
-                    if trace_contexts then
-                        logprocess("%s: skipping match",cref(kind,chainname))
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    return head, start, done
-end
-
--- Because we want to keep this elsewhere (an because speed is less an issue) we
--- pass the font id so that the verbose variant can access the relevant helper tables.
-
-local verbose_handle_contextchain = function(font,...)
-    logwarning("no verbose handler installed, reverting to 'normal'")
-    otf.setcontextchain()
-    return normal_handle_contextchain(...)
-end
-
-otf.chainhandlers = {
-    normal  = normal_handle_contextchain,
-    verbose = verbose_handle_contextchain,
-}
-
-function otf.setcontextchain(method)
-    if not method or method == "normal" or not otf.chainhandlers[method] then
-        if handlers.contextchain then -- no need for a message while making the format
-            logwarning("installing normal contextchain handler")
-        end
-        handlers.contextchain = normal_handle_contextchain
-    else
-        logwarning("installing contextchain handler %a",method)
-        local handler = otf.chainhandlers[method]
-        handlers.contextchain = function(...)
-            return handler(currentfont,...) -- hm, get rid of ...
-        end
-    end
-    handlers.gsub_context             = handlers.contextchain
-    handlers.gsub_contextchain        = handlers.contextchain
-    handlers.gsub_reversecontextchain = handlers.contextchain
-    handlers.gpos_contextchain        = handlers.contextchain
-    handlers.gpos_context             = handlers.contextchain
-end
-
-otf.setcontextchain()
-
-local missing = { } -- we only report once
-
-local function logprocess(...)
-    if trace_steps then
-        registermessage(...)
-    end
-    report_process(...)
-end
-
-local logwarning = report_process
-
-local function report_missing_cache(typ,lookup)
-    local f = missing[currentfont] if not f then f = { } missing[currentfont] = f end
-    local t = f[typ]               if not t then t = { } f[typ]               = t end
-    if not t[lookup] then
-        t[lookup] = true
-        logwarning("missing cache for lookup %a, type %a, font %a, name %a",lookup,typ,currentfont,tfmdata.properties.fullname)
-    end
-end
-
-local resolved = { } -- we only resolve a font,script,language pair once
-
--- todo: pass all these 'locals' in a table
-
-local lookuphashes = { }
-
-setmetatableindex(lookuphashes, function(t,font)
-    local lookuphash = fontdata[font].resources.lookuphash
-    if not lookuphash or not next(lookuphash) then
-        lookuphash = false
-    end
-    t[font] = lookuphash
-    return lookuphash
-end)
-
--- fonts.hashes.lookups = lookuphashes
-
-local autofeatures = fonts.analyzers.features -- was: constants
-
-local function initialize(sequence,script,language,enabled)
-    local features = sequence.features
-    if features then
-        for kind, scripts in next, features do
-            local valid = enabled[kind]
-            if valid then
-                local languages = scripts[script] or scripts[wildcard]
-                if languages and (languages[language] or languages[wildcard]) then
-                    return { valid, autofeatures[kind] or false, sequence.chain or 0, kind, sequence }
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-    return false
-end
-
-function otf.dataset(tfmdata,font) -- generic variant, overloaded in context
-    local shared     = tfmdata.shared
-    local properties = tfmdata.properties
-    local language   = properties.language or "dflt"
-    local script     = properties.script   or "dflt"
-    local enabled    = shared.features
-    local res = resolved[font]
-    if not res then
-        res = { }
-        resolved[font] = res
-    end
-    local rs = res[script]
-    if not rs then
-        rs = { }
-        res[script] = rs
-    end
-    local rl = rs[language]
-    if not rl then
-        rl = {
-            -- indexed but we can also add specific data by key
-        }
-        rs[language] = rl
-        local sequences = tfmdata.resources.sequences
---         setmetatableindex(rl, function(t,k)
---             if type(k) == "number" then
---                 local v = enabled and initialize(sequences[k],script,language,enabled)
---                 t[k] = v
---                 return v
---             end
---         end)
-for s=1,#sequences do
-    local v = enabled and initialize(sequences[s],script,language,enabled)
-    if v then
-        rl[#rl+1] = v
-    end
-end
-    end
-    return rl
-end
-
--- elseif id == glue_code then
---     if p[5] then -- chain
---         local pc = pp[32]
---         if pc then
---             start, ok = start, false -- p[1](start,kind,p[2],pc,p[3],p[4])
---             if ok then
---                 done = true
---             end
---             if start then start = start.next end
---         else
---             start = start.next
---         end
---     else
---         start = start.next
---     end
-
--- there will be a new direction parser (pre-parsed etc)
-
--- less bytecode: 290 -> 254
---
--- attr = attr or false
---
--- local a = getattr(start,0)
--- if (a == attr and (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state) == attribute)) or (not attribute or getattr(start,a_state) == attribute) then
---     -- the action
--- end
-
-local function featuresprocessor(head,font,attr)
-
-    local lookuphash = lookuphashes[font] -- we can also check sequences here
-
-    if not lookuphash then
-        return head, false
-    end
-
-    if trace_steps then
-        checkstep(head)
-    end
-
-    tfmdata         = fontdata[font]
-    descriptions    = tfmdata.descriptions
-    characters      = tfmdata.characters
-    resources       = tfmdata.resources
-
-    marks           = resources.marks
-    anchorlookups   = resources.lookup_to_anchor
-    lookuptable     = resources.lookups
-    lookuptypes     = resources.lookuptypes
-
-    currentfont     = font
-    rlmode          = 0
-
-    local sequences = resources.sequences
-    local done      = false
-    local datasets  = otf.dataset(tfmdata,font,attr)
-
-    local dirstack  = { } -- could move outside function
-
-    -- We could work on sub start-stop ranges instead but I wonder if there is that
-    -- much speed gain (experiments showed that it made not much sense) and we need
-    -- to keep track of directions anyway. Also at some point I want to play with
-    -- font interactions and then we do need the full sweeps.
-
-    -- Keeping track of the headnode is needed for devanagari (I generalized it a bit
-    -- so that multiple cases are also covered.)
-
-    for s=1,#datasets do
-        local dataset = datasets[s]
-        featurevalue = dataset[1] -- todo: pass to function instead of using a global
-
-        local sequence  = dataset[5] -- sequences[s] -- also dataset[5]
-        local rlparmode = 0
-        local topstack  = 0
-        local success   = false
-        local attribute = dataset[2]
-        local chain     = dataset[3] -- sequence.chain or 0
-        local typ       = sequence.type
-        local subtables = sequence.subtables
-        if chain < 0 then
-            -- this is a limited case, no special treatments like 'init' etc
-            local handler = handlers[typ]
-            -- we need to get rid of this slide! probably no longer needed in latest luatex
-            local start = find_node_tail(head) -- slow (we can store tail because there's always a skip at the end): todo
-            while start do
-                local id = start.id
-                if id == glyph_code then
-                    if start.font == font and start.subtype<256 then
-                        local a = start[0]
-                        if a then
-                            a = a == attr
-                        else
-                            a = true
-                        end
-                        if a then
-                            for i=1,#subtables do
-                                local lookupname = subtables[i]
-                                local lookupcache = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                                if lookupcache then
-                                    local lookupmatch = lookupcache[start.char]
-                                    if lookupmatch then
-                                        head, start, success = handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
-                                        if success then
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
-                                end
-                            end
-                            if start then start = start.prev end
-                        else
-                            start = start.prev
-                        end
-                    else
-                        start = start.prev
-                    end
-                else
-                    start = start.prev
-                end
-            end
-        else
-            local handler = handlers[typ]
-            local ns = #subtables
-            local start = head -- local ?
-            rlmode = 0 -- to be checked ?
-            if ns == 1 then -- happens often
-                local lookupname = subtables[1]
-                local lookupcache = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                if not lookupcache then -- also check for empty cache
-                    report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
-                else
-
-                    local function subrun(start)
-                        -- mostly for gsub, gpos would demand a more clever approach
-                        local head = start
-                        local done = false
-                        while start do
-                            local id = start.id
-                            if id == glyph_code and start.font == font and start.subtype <256 then
-                                local a = start[0]
-                                if a then
-                                    a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute)
-                                else
-                                    a = not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute
-                                end
-                                if a then
-                                    local lookupmatch = lookupcache[start.char]
-                                    if lookupmatch then
-                                        -- sequence kan weg
-                                        local ok
-                                        head, start, ok = handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
-                                        if ok then
-                                            done = true
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                    if start then start = start.next end
-                                else
-                                    start = start.next
-                                end
-                            else
-                                start = start.next
-                            end
-                        end
-                        if done then
-                            success = true
-                            return head
-                        end
-                    end
-
-                    local function kerndisc(disc) -- we can assume that prev and next are glyphs
-                        local prev = disc.prev
-                        local next = disc.next
-                        if prev and next then
-                            prev.next = next
-                         -- next.prev = prev
-                            local a = prev[0]
-                            if a then
-                                a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or prev[a_state] == attribute)
-                            else
-                                a = not attribute or prev[a_state] == attribute
-                            end
-                            if a then
-                                local lookupmatch = lookupcache[prev.char]
-                                if lookupmatch then
-                                    -- sequence kan weg
-                                    local h, d, ok = handler(head,prev,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
-                                    if ok then
-                                        done = true
-                                        success = true
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                            prev.next = disc
-                         -- next.prev = disc
-                        end
-                        return next
-                    end
-
-                    while start do
-                        local id = start.id
-                        if id == glyph_code then
-                            if start.font == font and start.subtype<256 then
-                                local a = start[0]
-                                if a then
-                                    a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute)
-                                else
-                                    a = not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute
-                                end
-                                if a then
-                                    local lookupmatch = lookupcache[start.char]
-                                    if lookupmatch then
-                                        -- sequence kan weg
-                                        local ok
-                                        head, start, ok = handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,1)
-                                        if ok then
-                                            success = true
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                    if start then start = start.next end
-                                else
-                                    start = start.next
-                                end
-                            else
-                                start = start.next
-                            end
-                        elseif id == disc_code then
-                            -- mostly for gsub
-                            if start.subtype == discretionary_code then
-                                local pre = start.pre
-                                if pre then
-                                    local new = subrun(pre)
-                                    if new then start.pre = new end
-                                end
-                                local post = start.post
-                                if post then
-                                    local new = subrun(post)
-                                    if new then start.post = new end
-                                end
-                                local replace = start.replace
-                                if replace then
-                                    local new = subrun(replace)
-                                    if new then start.replace = new end
-                                end
-elseif typ == "gpos_single" or typ == "gpos_pair" then
-    kerndisc(start)
-                            end
-                            start = start.next
-                        elseif id == whatsit_code then -- will be function
-                            local subtype = start.subtype
-                            if subtype == dir_code then
-                                local dir = start.dir
-                                if     dir == "+TRT" or dir == "+TLT" then
-                                    topstack = topstack + 1
-                                    dirstack[topstack] = dir
-                                elseif dir == "-TRT" or dir == "-TLT" then
-                                    topstack = topstack - 1
-                                end
-                                local newdir = dirstack[topstack]
-                                if newdir == "+TRT" then
-                                    rlmode = -1
-                                elseif newdir == "+TLT" then
-                                    rlmode = 1
-                                else
-                                    rlmode = rlparmode
-                                end
-                                if trace_directions then
-                                    report_process("directions after txtdir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a, # stack %a, new dir %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode,topstack,newdir)
-                                end
-                            elseif subtype == localpar_code then
-                                local dir = start.dir
-                                if dir == "TRT" then
-                                    rlparmode = -1
-                                elseif dir == "TLT" then
-                                    rlparmode = 1
-                                else
-                                    rlparmode = 0
-                                end
-                                -- one might wonder if the par dir should be looked at, so we might as well drop the next line
-                                rlmode = rlparmode
-                                if trace_directions then
-                                    report_process("directions after pardir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode)
-                                end
-                            end
-                            start = start.next
-                        elseif id == math_code then
-                            start = end_of_math(start).next
-                        else
-                            start = start.next
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            else
-
-                local function subrun(start)
-                    -- mostly for gsub, gpos would demand a more clever approach
-                    local head = start
-                    local done = false
-                    while start do
-                        local id = start.id
-                        if id == glyph_code and start.id == font and start.subtype <256 then
-                            local a = start[0]
-                            if a then
-                                a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute)
-                            else
-                                a = not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute
-                            end
-                            if a then
-                                for i=1,ns do
-                                    local lookupname = subtables[i]
-                                    local lookupcache = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                                    if lookupcache then
-                                        local lookupmatch = lookupcache[start.char]
-                                        if lookupmatch then
-                                            -- we could move all code inline but that makes things even more unreadable
-                                            local ok
-                                            head, start, ok = handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
-                                            if ok then
-                                                done = true
-                                                break
-                                            elseif not start then
-                                                -- don't ask why ... shouldn't happen
-                                                break
-                                            end
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
-                                    end
-                                end
-                                if start then start = start.next end
-                            else
-                                start = start.next
-                            end
-                        else
-                            start = start.next
-                        end
-                    end
-                    if done then
-                        success = true
-                        return head
-                    end
-                end
-
-                local function kerndisc(disc) -- we can assume that prev and next are glyphs
-                    local prev = disc.prev
-                    local next = disc.next
-                    if prev and next then
-                        prev.next = next
-                     -- next.prev = prev
-                        local a = prev[0]
-                        if a then
-                            a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or prev[a_state] == attribute)
-                        else
-                            a = not attribute or prev[a_state] == attribute
-                        end
-                        if a then
-                            for i=1,ns do
-                                local lookupname = subtables[i]
-                                local lookupcache = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                                if lookupcache then
-                                    local lookupmatch = lookupcache[prev.char]
-                                    if lookupmatch then
-                                        -- we could move all code inline but that makes things even more unreadable
-                                        local h, d, ok = handler(head,prev,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
-                                        if ok then
-                                            done = true
-                                            break
-                                        end
-                                    end
-                                else
-                                    report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                        prev.next = disc
-                     -- next.prev = disc
-                    end
-                    return next
-                end
-
-                while start do
-                    local id = start.id
-                    if id == glyph_code then
-                        if start.font == font and start.subtype<256 then
-                            local a = start[0]
-                            if a then
-                                a = (a == attr) and (not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute)
-                            else
-                                a = not attribute or start[a_state] == attribute
-                            end
-                            if a then
-                                for i=1,ns do
-                                    local lookupname = subtables[i]
-                                    local lookupcache = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                                    if lookupcache then
-                                        local lookupmatch = lookupcache[start.char]
-                                        if lookupmatch then
-                                            -- we could move all code inline but that makes things even more unreadable
-                                            local ok
-                                            head, start, ok = handler(head,start,dataset[4],lookupname,lookupmatch,sequence,lookuphash,i)
-                                            if ok then
-                                                success = true
-                                                break
-                                            elseif not start then
-                                                -- don't ask why ... shouldn't happen
-                                                break
-                                            end
-                                        end
-                                    else
-                                        report_missing_cache(typ,lookupname)
-                                    end
-                                end
-                                if start then start = start.next end
-                            else
-                                start = start.next
-                            end
-                        else
-                            start = start.next
-                        end
-                    elseif id == disc_code then
-                        -- mostly for gsub
-                        if start.subtype == discretionary_code then
-                            local pre = start.pre
-                            if pre then
-                                local new = subrun(pre)
-                                if new then start.pre = new end
-                            end
-                            local post = start.post
-                            if post then
-                                local new = subrun(post)
-                                if new then start.post = new end
-                            end
-                            local replace = start.replace
-                            if replace then
-                                local new = subrun(replace)
-                                if new then start.replace = new end
-                            end
-elseif typ == "gpos_single" or typ == "gpos_pair" then
-    kerndisc(start)
-                        end
-                        start = start.next
-                    elseif id == whatsit_code then
-                        local subtype = start.subtype
-                        if subtype == dir_code then
-                            local dir = start.dir
-                            if     dir == "+TRT" or dir == "+TLT" then
-                                topstack = topstack + 1
-                                dirstack[topstack] = dir
-                            elseif dir == "-TRT" or dir == "-TLT" then
-                                topstack = topstack - 1
-                            end
-                            local newdir = dirstack[topstack]
-                            if newdir == "+TRT" then
-                                rlmode = -1
-                            elseif newdir == "+TLT" then
-                                rlmode = 1
-                            else
-                                rlmode = rlparmode
-                            end
-                            if trace_directions then
-                                report_process("directions after txtdir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a, # stack %a, new dir %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode,topstack,newdir)
-                            end
-                        elseif subtype == localpar_code then
-                            local dir = start.dir
-                            if dir == "TRT" then
-                                rlparmode = -1
-                            elseif dir == "TLT" then
-                                rlparmode = 1
-                            else
-                                rlparmode = 0
-                            end
-                            rlmode = rlparmode
-                            if trace_directions then
-                                report_process("directions after pardir %a: parmode %a, txtmode %a",dir,rlparmode,rlmode)
-                            end
-                        end
-                        start = start.next
-                    elseif id == math_code then
-                        start = end_of_math(start).next
-                    else
-                        start = start.next
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-        if success then
-            done = true
-        end
-        if trace_steps then -- ?
-            registerstep(head)
-        end
-    end
-    return head, done
-end
-
-local function generic(lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
-    local target = lookuphash[lookupname]
-    if target then
-        target[unicode] = lookupdata
-    else
-        lookuphash[lookupname] = { [unicode] = lookupdata }
-    end
-end
-
-local action = {
-
-    substitution = generic,
-    multiple     = generic,
-    alternate    = generic,
-    position     = generic,
-
-    ligature = function(lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
-        local target = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if not target then
-            target = { }
-            lookuphash[lookupname] = target
-        end
-        for i=1,#lookupdata do
-            local li = lookupdata[i]
-            local tu = target[li]
-            if not tu then
-                tu = { }
-                target[li] = tu
-            end
-            target = tu
-        end
-        target.ligature = unicode
-    end,
-
-    pair = function(lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
-        local target = lookuphash[lookupname]
-        if not target then
-            target = { }
-            lookuphash[lookupname] = target
-        end
-        local others = target[unicode]
-        local paired = lookupdata[1]
-        if others then
-            others[paired] = lookupdata
-        else
-            others = { [paired] = lookupdata }
-            target[unicode] = others
-        end
-    end,
-
-}
-
-local function prepare_lookups(tfmdata)
-
-    local rawdata          = tfmdata.shared.rawdata
-    local resources        = rawdata.resources
-    local lookuphash       = resources.lookuphash
-    local anchor_to_lookup = resources.anchor_to_lookup
-    local lookup_to_anchor = resources.lookup_to_anchor
-    local lookuptypes      = resources.lookuptypes
-    local characters       = tfmdata.characters
-    local descriptions     = tfmdata.descriptions
-
-    -- we cannot free the entries in the descriptions as sometimes we access
-    -- then directly (for instance anchors) ... selectively freeing does save
-    -- much memory as it's only a reference to a table and the slot in the
-    -- description hash is not freed anyway
-
-    for unicode, character in next, characters do -- we cannot loop over descriptions !
-
-        local description = descriptions[unicode]
-
-        if description then
-
-            local lookups = description.slookups
-            if lookups then
-                for lookupname, lookupdata in next, lookups do
-                    action[lookuptypes[lookupname]](lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
-                end
-            end
-
-            local lookups = description.mlookups
-            if lookups then
-                for lookupname, lookuplist in next, lookups do
-                    local lookuptype = lookuptypes[lookupname]
-                    for l=1,#lookuplist do
-                        local lookupdata = lookuplist[l]
-                        action[lookuptype](lookupdata,lookupname,unicode,lookuphash)
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-            local list = description.kerns
-            if list then
-                for lookup, krn in next, list do  -- ref to glyph, saves lookup
-                    local target = lookuphash[lookup]
-                    if target then
-                        target[unicode] = krn
-                    else
-                        lookuphash[lookup] = { [unicode] = krn }
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-            local list = description.anchors
-            if list then
-                for typ, anchors in next, list do -- types
-                    if typ == "mark" or typ == "cexit" then -- or entry?
-                        for name, anchor in next, anchors do
-                            local lookups = anchor_to_lookup[name]
-                            if lookups then
-                                for lookup, _ in next, lookups do
-                                    local target = lookuphash[lookup]
-                                    if target then
-                                        target[unicode] = anchors
-                                    else
-                                        lookuphash[lookup] = { [unicode] = anchors }
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-        end
-
-    end
-
-end
-
-local function split(replacement,original)
-    local result = { }
-    for i=1,#replacement do
-        result[original[i]] = replacement[i]
-    end
-    return result
-end
-
-local valid = {
-    coverage        = { chainsub = true, chainpos = true, contextsub = true },
-    reversecoverage = { reversesub = true },
-    glyphs          = { chainsub = true, chainpos = true },
-}
-
-local function prepare_contextchains(tfmdata)
-    local rawdata    = tfmdata.shared.rawdata
-    local resources  = rawdata.resources
-    local lookuphash = resources.lookuphash
-    local lookups    = rawdata.lookups
-    if lookups then
-        for lookupname, lookupdata in next, rawdata.lookups do
-            local lookuptype = lookupdata.type
-            if lookuptype then
-                local rules = lookupdata.rules
-                if rules then
-                    local format = lookupdata.format
-                    local validformat = valid[format]
-                    if not validformat then
-                        report_prepare("unsupported format %a",format)
-                    elseif not validformat[lookuptype] then
-                        -- todo: dejavu-serif has one (but i need to see what use it has)
-                        report_prepare("unsupported format %a, lookuptype %a, lookupname %a",format,lookuptype,lookupname)
-                    else
-                        local contexts = lookuphash[lookupname]
-                        if not contexts then
-                            contexts = { }
-                            lookuphash[lookupname] = contexts
-                        end
-                        local t, nt = { }, 0
-                        for nofrules=1,#rules do
-                            local rule         = rules[nofrules]
-                            local current      = rule.current
-                            local before       = rule.before
-                            local after        = rule.after
-                            local replacements = rule.replacements
-                            local sequence     = { }
-                            local nofsequences = 0
-                            -- Eventually we can store start, stop and sequence in the cached file
-                            -- but then less sharing takes place so best not do that without a lot
-                            -- of profiling so let's forget about it.
-                            if before then
-                                for n=1,#before do
-                                    nofsequences = nofsequences + 1
-                                    sequence[nofsequences] = before[n]
-                                end
-                            end
-                            local start = nofsequences + 1
-                            for n=1,#current do
-                                nofsequences = nofsequences + 1
-                                sequence[nofsequences] = current[n]
-                            end
-                            local stop = nofsequences
-                            if after then
-                                for n=1,#after do
-                                    nofsequences = nofsequences + 1
-                                    sequence[nofsequences] = after[n]
-                                end
-                            end
-                            if sequence[1] then
-                                -- Replacements only happen with reverse lookups as they are single only. We
-                                -- could pack them into current (replacement value instead of true) and then
-                                -- use sequence[start] instead but it's somewhat ugly.
-                                nt = nt + 1
-                                t[nt] = { nofrules, lookuptype, sequence, start, stop, rule.lookups, replacements }
-                                for unic, _  in next, sequence[start] do
-                                    local cu = contexts[unic]
-                                    if not cu then
-                                        contexts[unic] = t
-                                    end
-                                end
-                            end
-                        end
-                    end
-                else
-                    -- no rules
-                end
-            else
-                report_prepare("missing lookuptype for lookupname %a",lookupname)
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-
--- we can consider lookuphash == false (initialized but empty) vs lookuphash == table
-
-local function featuresinitializer(tfmdata,value)
-    if true then -- value then
-        -- beware we need to use the topmost properties table
-        local rawdata    = tfmdata.shared.rawdata
-        local properties = rawdata.properties
-        if not properties.initialized then
-            local starttime = trace_preparing and os.clock()
-            local resources = rawdata.resources
-            resources.lookuphash = resources.lookuphash or { }
-            prepare_contextchains(tfmdata)
-            prepare_lookups(tfmdata)
-            properties.initialized = true
-            if trace_preparing then
-                report_prepare("preparation time is %0.3f seconds for %a",os.clock()-starttime,tfmdata.properties.fullname)
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-
-registerotffeature {
-    name         = "features",
-    description  = "features",
-    default      = true,
-    initializers = {
-        position = 1,
-        node     = featuresinitializer,
-    },
-    processors   = {
-        node     = featuresprocessor,
-    }
-}
-
--- This can be used for extra handlers, but should be used with care!
-
-otf.handlers = handlers
diff --git a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts.lua b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts.lua
index 5e5c9a4cf..7995be33e 100644
--- a/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts.lua
+++ b/tex/generic/context/luatex/luatex-fonts.lua
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ if non_generic_context.luatex_fonts.skip_loading ~= true then
         loadmodule('font-oti.lua')
         loadmodule('font-otf.lua')
         loadmodule('font-otb.lua')
-        loadmodule('luatex-fonts-inj.lua') -- will be replaced (luatex >= .80)
+        loadmodule('node-inj.lua')         -- will be replaced (luatex >= .70)
         loadmodule('font-ota.lua')
-        loadmodule('luatex-fonts-otn.lua')
+        loadmodule('font-otn.lua')
         loadmodule('font-otp.lua')         -- optional
         loadmodule('luatex-fonts-lua.lua')
         loadmodule('font-def.lua')