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+%D \module
+%D   [       file=lang-spe,
+%D        version=2002.05.07, % 1996.01.25,
+%D          title=\CONTEXT\ Language Macros,
+%D       subtitle=Specifics,
+%D         author=Hans Hagen,
+%D           date=\currentdate,
+%D      copyright={PRAGMA ADE \& \CONTEXT\ Development Team}]
+%C
+%C This module is part of the \CONTEXT\ macro||package and is
+%C therefore copyrighted by \PRAGMA. See mreadme.pdf for
+%C details.
+
+%D This code was originally placed in the language
+%D initialization module, but isolating it is clearer. Language
+%D specifics evolved out of user demands for special features,
+%D like the german active quote. After a while I decided to
+%D associate them to languages in a more general way so that we
+%D could associate all kind of things with language switching.
+%D
+%D This is a typical example of functionality that occasionally
+%D gets improved based on user input and experience. Much of the
+%D code is pretty old and could probabbly be done in better ways.
+%D It's probably also the kind of code that has been and will be
+%D written over and over again by \TEX\ users around the world,
+%D so there are probably better implementations of similar
+%D functionality around. Therefore, users are invited to pop in
+%D their own handling as long as it does not interfere with
+%D existing code. Writing the more obscure macros that deal with
+%D this is a good learning experience (catcodes, lccodes, token
+%D lists, expansion, \unknown).
+
+\writestatus{loading}{ConTeXt Language Macros / Specifics}
+
+\unprotect
+
+%D \macros
+%D   {everyresetlanguagespecifics,resetlanguagespecifics}
+%D
+%D Cleanup macros.
+
+\newevery \everyresetlanguagespecifics \relax
+
+\def\resetlanguagespecifics
+  {\ifcase\protectionlevel
+     \the\everyresetlanguagespecifics
+   \else % to be translated
+     % \writestatus\m!systems{don't change language in unprotected mode!}%
+   \fi}
+
+\appendtoks
+  \resetlanguagespecifics
+\to \everycleanupfeatures
+
+%D \macros
+%D   {startlanguagespecifics,enablelanguagespecifics}
+%D
+%D Each language has its own typographic pecularities. Some of
+%D those can be influenced by parameters, others are handled by
+%D the interface, but as soon as specific commands come into
+%D view we need another mechanism. In the macro that activates
+%D a language, we call \type{\enablelanguagespecifics}. This
+%D macro in return calls for the setup of language specific
+%D macros. Such specifics are defined as:
+%D
+%D \starttyping
+%D \startlanguagespecifics[de]
+%D   \installcompoundcharacter "a {\"a}
+%D   \installcompoundcharacter "e {\"e}
+%D   \installcompoundcharacter "s {\SS}
+%D \stoplanguagespecifics
+%D \stoptyping
+%D
+%D Instead of \type{[du]} we can pass a comma separated
+%D list, like \type{[du,nl]}. Next calls to this macro add the
+%D specifics to the current list.
+%D
+%D Before we actually read the specifics, we first take some
+%D precautions that will prevent spurious spaces to creep into
+%D the list.
+
+% We should use token registers, but alas, we run out of them and
+% \ETEX\ has a bug. Well, let's use a token register now (2006).
+
+\def\startlanguagespecifics%                % we use double to
+  {\bgroup
+   \catcode`\^^I=\@@ignore
+   \catcode`\^^M=\@@ignore
+   \catcode`\^^L=\@@ignore
+   \dodoubleempty\dostartlanguagespecifics} % get rid of spaces
+
+%D The main macro looks quite complicated but actually does
+%D nothing special. By embedding \type{\do} we can easily
+%D append to the lists and also execute them at will. Just to
+%D be sure, we check on spurious spaces. The second dummy
+%D argument gobbles spaces.
+
+\def\languageencoding
+  {\ifx\characterencoding\nocharacterencoding \else
+     \characterencoding-%
+   \fi}
+
+\long\def\dostartlanguagespecifics[#1][#2]#3\stoplanguagespecifics
+  {\egroup
+   \processcommalist[#1]{\dosetlanguagespecifics{#3}}}
+
+% \long\def\dosetlanguagespecifics#1#2%
+%   {\ifundefined{\??la\languageencoding#2\??la}\forgetlanguagespecifics[#2]\fi
+%    % the next line catches the case that specifics are enabled *before* they are defined
+%    \expandafter\ifx\csname\??la\languageencoding#2\??la\endcsname\relax\forgetlanguagespecifics[#2]\fi
+%    \appendvalue{\??la\languageencoding#2\??la}{#1}%
+%    \bgroup
+%    \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{\enablelanguagespecifics[#2]}%
+%    \ifdim\wd\scratchbox>\zeropoint
+%      \showmessage\m!linguals7{\currentencoding-#2,\the\wd\scratchbox\space}\wait
+%    \else
+%      \showmessage\m!linguals8{\currentencoding-#2}%
+%    \fi
+%    \egroup
+%    \doif{#2}\currentmainlanguage{\enablelanguagespecifics[#2]}}
+
+\def\languagespectag#1{\??la\languageencoding#1\??la}
+
+\long\def\dosetlanguagespecifics#1#2%
+  {\edef\askedlanguagespecificstag{\languagespectag{#2}}%
+   \ifcsname\askedlanguagespecificstag\endcsname \else
+      \expandafter\newtoks\csname\askedlanguagespecificstag\endcsname
+   \fi
+   \csname\askedlanguagespecificstag\endcsname\@EA{\the\csname\askedlanguagespecificstag\endcsname#1}%
+   \bgroup
+   \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{\enablelanguagespecifics[#2]}%
+   \ifdim\wd\scratchbox>\zeropoint
+     \showmessage\m!linguals7{\currentencoding-#2,\the\wd\scratchbox\space}\wait
+   \else
+     \showmessage\m!linguals8{\currentencoding-#2}%
+   \fi
+   \egroup
+   \doif{#2}\currentmainlanguage{\enablelanguagespecifics[#2]}}
+
+\def\forgetlanguagespecifics[#1]%
+  {\csname\languagespectag{#1}\endcsname\emptytoks}
+
+%D Enabling them is rather straightforward. We only have to
+%D define \type{\do} in such a way that \type{{ }} is removed
+%D and the language key is gobbled.
+
+% \def\enablelanguagespecifics[#1]%
+%   {\the\executeifdefined{\??la
+%      \@EA\ifx\csname\??la#1\c!default\endcsname\relax
+%        \languageencoding
+%      \else
+%        \csname\??la#1\c!default\endcsname
+%      \fi
+%      \??la}\emptytoks
+%    \the\executeifdefined{\??la#1\??la}\emptytoks
+%    \the\executeifdefined{\??la\languageencoding#1\??la}\emptytoks} % dup ?
+
+\def\enablelanguagespecifics[#1]%
+  {\edef\askedlanguagespecificslanguage{\defaultlanguage{#1}}%
+   \ifcsname\??la\askedlanguagespecificslanguage\??la\endcsname
+     \the\csname\??la\askedlanguagespecificslanguage\??la\endcsname
+   \fi
+   \ifx\languageencoding\empty\else
+     \ifcsname\??la\languageencoding\askedlanguagespecificslanguage\??la\endcsname
+       \the\csname\??la\languageencoding\askedlanguagespecificslanguage\??la\endcsname
+     \fi
+   \fi}
+
+%D \macros
+%D   {deactivatelanguagespecific}
+%D
+%D The next code makes it possible to disable the specifics.
+
+% \def\deactivatelanguagespecific#1%
+%   {\ifundefined{l g s \string#1}%
+%      \letgvalueempty{l g s \string#1}% signal to prevent dup def
+%      \bgroup
+%      \catcode`#1=\@@active
+%      \uccode`~=`#1
+%      \uppercase{\doglobal\appendtoks\dodeactivatetoken{~}\to\everyresetlanguagespecifics}%
+%      \egroup
+%      \expanded{\doglobal\noexpand\appendtoks{#1}{\the\catcode`#1}}\to\everyresetlanguagespecifics
+%    \fi}
+
+% \def\dodeactivatetoken#1#2#3% test needed to avoid clash with \unprotect
+%   {\def#1{#2}\ifnum\catcode`#2=\@@active\catcode`#2=#3\relax\fi}
+
+%D We cannot hook this into the installer since language
+%D specifics can be anything. So far, we have the following
+%D potentially active characters.
+
+%D Beware, this should happen under an unprotected regime;
+%D thanks to Giuseppe Oblomov Bilotta, who first noticed
+%D that something was wrong.
+
+\protect
+
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific "
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific /
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific :
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific ;
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific ?
+% \deactivatelanguagespecific !
+
+\unprotect
+
+% yes or no (taco wins: no)
+
+% \startlanguagespecifics[nl,cs,sk,fr]
+%   \lccode`\'=`\'
+% \stoplanguagespecifics
+
+%D \macros
+%D   {ordinaldaynumber, highordinalstr, ordinalstr}
+%D
+%D Efficient general ordinal number converters are sometimes
+%D difficult to implement. Fortunately dates never exceed the
+%D number~31.
+
+\ifx\high          \undefined \let\high          \firstofoneargument \fi % todo
+\ifx\notsmallcapped\undefined \let\notsmallcapped\firstofoneargument \fi % todo
+
+\def\highordinalstr#1{\high{\notsmallcapped{#1}}}
+\def\ordinalstr    #1{\notsmallcapped{#1}}
+
+\def\ordinaldaynumber#1% \strippedcsname\ordinaldaynumber
+  {\expanded{\executeifdefined{\currentlanguage ordinaldaynumber}%
+     \noexpand\firstofoneargument{\number#1}}}
+
+%D Language specific converters have definitions like:
+%D
+%D \starttyping
+%D \def\enordinaldaynumber#1{...}
+%D \stoptyping
+%D
+%D Examples can be found in the other \type {lang} modules.
+
+% \ifprocessingXML is a nasty dependency
+
+\appendtoks
+  \ifprocessingXML \else \resetlanguagespecifics \fi
+\to \everylanguage
+
+\protect \endinput