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Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
| l--------- | doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.mkiv | 1 | ||||
| l--------- | doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.xml | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/context/third/transliterator/transliterator.tex | 557 |
3 files changed, 543 insertions, 16 deletions
diff --git a/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.mkiv b/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.mkiv new file mode 120000 index 0000000..fe8c6e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.mkiv @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../../../tex/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.mkiv
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.xml b/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.xml new file mode 120000 index 0000000..476ff63 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/context/third/transliterator/t-transliterator.xml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../../../tex/context/interface/third/t-transliterator.xml
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/context/third/transliterator/transliterator.tex b/doc/context/third/transliterator/transliterator.tex index 47b1dc3..1a04a5f 100644 --- a/doc/context/third/transliterator/transliterator.tex +++ b/doc/context/third/transliterator/transliterator.tex @@ -1,12 +1,61 @@ +\definepapersize [MYA5] [width=148mm,height=210mm] +\setuppapersize [MYA5] [MYA5] + \setupinteraction [state=start] \setupcombinedlist[content][interaction=all,focus=standard] + +\setupindenting[yes,next,medium] + +\setuppagenumbering[location=left] + +\setuphead[chapter][style={\rm\bf\tfb},before={\blank[big,force]},after={\blank[2*big,force]}] +\setuphead[section][style={\rm\bf\tfa},before={\blank[big]},after={\blank[small]}] +\setuphead[subsection][style={\rm\bf},before={\blank[medium]},after={\blank[small]}] + +\usemodule[bib] +\newbibfield[nugut] \usemodule[transliterator] +\definebodyfontenvironment[default][em=italic] + +\starttypescript [serif] [bukyvede] + \setups [font:fallback:serif] + \definefontsynonym [Serif] [name:Bukyvede] [features=default] + \definefontsynonym [SerifItalic] [name:Bukyvede-Italic] [features=default] +\stoptypescript +\usetypescript [bukyvede] +\definetypeface [hlaholice] [rm] [serif] [bukyvede] [default] [encoding=ec] +\definetypeface [cyrilice] [rm] [serif] [bukyvede] [default] [encoding=ec] + +\usetypefile[cmu] +\usetypescript[computer-modern-unicode] +\setupbodyfont[computer-modern-unicode,9pt] + +\usetypefile[linuxlibertine] +\usetypescript[linuxlibertine] + + +\setupcite[authoryear][% + compress=no% +] + +\setuppublications[% + alternative=apa,% + refcommand=authoryear,% + sorttype=bbl,% + numbering=yes,% + autohang=yes% +]% + +\setuppublicationlist[% + artauthor=\invertedauthor% +] % == REFERENCES =============================================================== + \startpublication[ k=duden, t=book, - a={Drosdowski/Müller/Scholze-Stubenrecht/Wermke}, + a={{Drosdowski/Müller/Scholze-Stubenrecht/Wermke}}, y=1952, n=1, s={DUDEN}, @@ -17,16 +66,16 @@ \editor[]{Matthias}[]{}{Wermke} \pubyear{1991} \title{DUDEN Rechtschreibung der deutschen Sprache} -\city{Mannheim et. al.} -\edition{20} +\city{Mannheim et al} +\edition{20.} \stoppublication \startpublication[ k=bornemann, t=book, - a={Bornemann/Risch}, + a={{Bornemann/Risch}}, y=1978, - n=1, + n=2, s={Grammatik}, ] \author[]{Eduard}[]{}{Bornemann} @@ -34,55 +83,531 @@ \pubyear{1978} \title{Griechische Grammatik} \city{Frankfurt am Main} -\edition{2} +\edition{2.} \stoppublication \startpublication[ k=kirschbaum, t=book, - a={Kirschbaum}, + a={{Kirschbaum}}, y=2001, - n=1, + n=3, s={Grammatik}, ] \author[]{Ernst Georg}[]{}{Kirschbaum} \pubyear{2001} \title{Grammatik der russischen Sprache} \city{Berlin} -\edition{1} \stoppublication \startpublication[ - k=aksstudien, + k=aks, t=book, - a={Birnbaum/Schaeken}, + a={{Birnbaum/Schaeken}}, y=1999, - n=1, + n=4, + u=http://www.schaeken.nl/lu/research/online/publications/akslstud/index.htm, s={Studien}, ] -\author[]{Henrik}[]{}{Birnbaum} -\author[]{Jos}[]{}{Schaeken} +\author[]{Henrik}[H.]{}{Birnbaum} +\author[]{Jos}[J.]{}{Schaeken} \pubyear{1999} \title{Altkirchenslavische Studien} \volume{2} \city{München} -\edition{1} -\url{http://www.schaeken.nl/lu/research/online/publications/akslstud/index.htm} +\stoppublication + +\startpublication[ + k=dintb, + t=book, + a={{DIN}}, + y=2001, + n=5, + s={DIN}, +] +\editor[]{}[]{}{DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.~V.} +\pubyear{2001} +\title{Bibliotheks und Dokumentationswesen} +\city{Berlin/Wien/Zürich} +\stoppublication + +\startpublication[ + k=iso, + t=inbook, + a={{ISO}}, + y=1995, + n=6, + s={ISO~9}, +] +\editor[]{}[]{}{{ISO International Organization for Standardization}} +\pubyear{1995} +\title{Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages} +\edition{2.} +\crossref{dintb} +\pages{230--245} \stoppublication %============================================================================== +\setupframed[% + location=top,% + align={normal,verytolerant},% + frame=off,% +] + + +\definenumber[excnt] +\setnumber[excnt]{1} + +% This should rather be done using key-value args but I'm too lazy now. +% 1: mode; 2: hyphenate original; 3: hyphenate transliteration; +% 4: font for original; 5: caption; 6: original text. +\def\trlex#1#2#3#4#5#6{% + \setupinterlinespace[line=8pt]% + {\tfx% + \placefigure [force] [#1] {% + \type{[mode=#1,hyphenate=#3]}% + \hskip 1em + {\it #5}% + } {% + \framed{% + \framed[% + offset=1ex,% + width=.47\textwidth,% + ]{% + \setupbodyfont[#4]% + \unskip\language[#2]#6\par + }% + \framed[% + offset=1ex,% + width=.47\textwidth,% + ]{% + \transliterate[mode=#1,hyphenate=#3]{#6\par}% + }% + }% + }% + \incrementnumber[excnt]% + } +} \usemodule[int-load] \loadsetups[t-transliterator.xml] + +\setupwhitespace[big] +\language[en] \starttext +\completecontent \chapter{Usage and Functionality} +\section{Overview} +Basically the Transliterator provides two commands: \type{\setupTranslit} +preferably goes into the preamble and allows for global configuration. +The Transliterator is invoked locally by \type{\transliterate} which does the +actual transliteration of text passages. + \setup{setupTranslit} +\setup{transliterate} + +\section{Module loading and configuration} +In order to use the Transliterator in a document we put the following somewhere before +\type{\starttext}. +\starttyping +\usemodule[transliterator] +\stoptyping +Although it has some defaults already set at this point they will most likely +not correspond to what is needed in the document. +To override the presets we use the command \type{\setupTranslit[#1]}. +It takes a comma separated list of two key-value pairs: \type{mode} and +\type{hyphenate}. +Through {\em mode} we specify the transliteration method. +By the time of this writing this can be one of the following set: +\setupTABLE[c][each] [frame=off] +\setupTABLE[r][first] [style=bold,topframe=on,bottomframe=on] +\setupTABLE[r][last] [topframe=on,bottomframe=on] +\bTABLE[split=yes,stretch=yes] + \bTABLEhead + \bTR\bTH mode \eTH\bTH description \eTH\eTR + \eTABLEhead + \bTABLEbody + \bTR\bTC \type{ru} \eTC\bTC ISO~9 Russian \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ru_old} \eTC\bTC ISO~9 Russian plus pre-1918 chars (the default)\eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{all} \eTC\bTC ISO~9 complete \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ru_transcript_de} \eTC\bTC German transcription for Russian \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ru_transcript_en} \eTC\bTC English transcription for Russian \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{iso9_ocs} \eTC\bTC == \type{all} plus non-ISO additions for Old (Church) Slavonic \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ocs} \eTC\bTC so-called “scientific” transliteration for Old (Church) Slavonic\eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ocs_gla} \eTC\bTC so-called “scientific” transliteration for Old (Church) Slavonic / Glagolitic alphabet\eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ru_cz} \eTC\bTC Czech transcription for Russian\eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{ocs_cz} \eTC\bTC Czech transcription for Old (Church) Slavonic\eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{gr} \eTC\bTC transliteration for Greek \eTC\eTR + \bTR\bTC \type{gr_n} \eTC\bTC transliteration for Greek obeying nasalizations \eTC\eTR + \eTABLEbody + \bTABLEfoot + \bTR\bTH mode \eTH\bTH description \eTH\eTR + \eTABLEfoot +\eTABLE + + +{\em Nota bene}: The description at this point only serves as a placeholder as the +transliteration modes are discussed in detail in later in this document. + +Through the \type{hyphenate} argument it is possible to adjust the language +that is used for hyphenation. +Specifying \type{\setupTranslit[hyphenate=nl]} will let every transliterated +part of the document be processed according to dutch rules, leaving the overall +\type{\language[#1]} configuration unchanged for the rest of the content. + +The actual transliteration is done using the macro +\type{\transliterate[#1]{#2}}. +The second argument takes the raw string in the original language that we want +to process, while the first, optional argument accepts local adjustments for +\type{mode} and \type{hyphenate}. +Thus, we would typeset one of Epicuros' sayings like this: +{\setuptolerance[verytolerant] +\starttyping +\transliterate[mode=gr]{κακὸν ἀνάγκη, ἀλλ' οὐδεμία ἀνάγκη ζῆν μετὰ ἀνάγκης} +\stoptyping +which yields \quotation{\transliterate[mode=gr]{κακὸν ἀνάγκη, ἀλλ' οὐδεμία ἀνάγκη ζῆν +μετὰ ἀνάγκης}} in the pdf output. +} + \chapter{Introduction} +\hfil\framed[width=\hsize,align=left]{% + \inframed[bottomframe=on]{\it What's all this, then?} + \blank[medium] + {\sc Graham Chapman} +} + +\noindentation At the first glance, {\em transliteration} -- the accurate representation of letters from one +alphabet in another -- seems obsolete after the advent of Unicode +which made its way even into \TeX\ lately. +Why not just go on and write down everything in the original script? +But still there are lots of situations where transliteration is desirable, +e.~g. some scholarly habits might prescribe it in the main text with citations in +footnotes left in the original alphabet; or transliteration might alleviate +comparison within one language that happens to be written in different scripts; +finally, including text in a foreign script might be impossible if there is no +appropriate that fits the main text. +However, it is still most convenient for the writer to keep the +untransliterated original in the document source as this allows for reusing it in +another context where different transliterations rules might apply. +The Transliterator module is meant to provide both: have the original in the +source and a transliteration only in the final document. + +Another way of handling foreign languages is {\em transcription}. +It is aims at producing some representation that does not rely on symbolisms +alien to the language and thus to be at least \quotation{pronouncable} +without further knowledge. +As transcription methods are language specific and highly idiosyncratic they +complicate the restoration of the original phrase and information may be lost. +The Transliterator provides means of transcription as well but in most cases +you should refrain from using them (\type{[mode=ru_transcript_en]}, +\type{[mode=ru_transcript_de]}). + +For Cyrillic scripts the best quality is achieved using the standardized +transliteration according to {\em ISO~9}.\footnote{\cite[authoryear][iso].} +This method not only covers all contemporary languages that are written in +a variety of Cyrillic but provides a bijective mapping on latin characters as +well. +Consequently, you can unambiguously revert the transliteration into +its original form which was impossible with previous versions of ISO~9 because +they contained several exceptions depending on the original language. +Although fifteen years old it has not yet made its way into scholarly +publications at large so it might not immediately look familiar. +The diacritics are not identical to the so-called \quotation{scientific} +transliteration used in Slavic studies but as long as your journal does not +enforce its traditional method you should always prefer ISO~9 +(\type{[mode=ru]}, \type{[mode=ru_old]}, \type{[mode=all]}). + +But ISO~9, too, has its shortcomings. +It has no definitions for historical form of the cyrillic script like +pre-XVIII-century Russian and Old (Church) Slavonic while those are covered by +the scholarly transliterations. +To amend the situation the Transliterator provides an extension to ISO~9 for +Old Slavonic containing the glyphs +\startluacode +local cnt, len = 0, 0 -- Wishing for a len() function that works on dictionaries as in python… +for i,j in pairs(translit.ocs_add_low) do + len = len + 1 +end + +for k,v in pairs(translit.ocs_add_low) do + cnt = cnt + 1 + context.bgroup() + context.setupbodyfont({"cyrilice"}) + context(k) + context.egroup() + if cnt < len -1 then + context(", ") + elseif cnt < len then + context("\\ and ") + end +end +\stopluacode +\ taken from the scientific transliteration (\type{[mode=iso9_ocs]}). +If you prefer more coherency you might want to use pure \quotation{scientific} +tranliteration (\type{[mode=ocs]}). +This method is complemented by \type{[mode=ocs_gla]}, the only option the +Transliterator offers for the Glagolitic alphabet; they can be use consistently +along each other as they were taken from the same +book.\footnote{\cite[authoryear][aks] p.~77 \cite[url][aks].} + +As far as I know there is no standardized transliteration for Greek so I had to +resort to the one that is used in scholarly literature. +Its main drawback is that it has no representation for diacritics apart from +(rough) breathing, but it respects specific rules for diphthongs and vowels in +initial positions (\type{[mode=gr]}). +There is one alternative mode for those who prefer their {\em γ} phonetically +resolved to /{\em n}/ before velars ({\em γ}, {\em κ}, {\em χ} and {\em ξ}; +\type{[mode=gr_n]}). + +Concerning the hyphenation within transliterated passages the default is set to +to \type{[hyphenate=cs]} (Czech) which produces reasonable results when using +\type{all}, \type{iso9_ocs} or \type{ru_cz}. +For stuff like the English and German transcription use their respective native +hyphenation.\footnote{% + You'll have to specify this through \type{\setupTranslit} + or locally because the default hyphenation is {\em not} the same as your + documents'. +} +However, as their is no hyphenation pattern I know of that closely resembles the +transliteration of Greek you might have to resort to putting \type{\discretionary} +hyphens when line breaking does not satisfy. + + +\chapter[ex]{Examples} +\section{Cyrillic scripts} +\subsection{ISO~9 and derivatives} +Several transliteration rules are either strictly ISO~9 compliant (\type{ru}, \type{ru_old}, \type{all}) +or contain ISO~9 as a subset (\type{iso9_ocs}).\footnote{% + Unfortunately there are not yet any language files for some of them so please + excuse the inadequate hyphenation in these cases.% +} + +\trlex{ru}{ru}{cz}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + Transliteration rules for the contemporary russian alphabet.% +}{% + В~ворота гостиницы губернского города NN въехала довольно красивая рессорная + небольшая бричка, в~какой ездят холостяки: отставные подполковники, + штабс-капитаны, помещики, имеющие около сотни душ крестьян, — словом, все те, + которых называют господами средней руки. + В~бричке сидел господин, не красавец, но и~не дурной наружности, ни слишком + толст, ни слишком тонок; нельзя сказать, чтобы стар, однако ж~и~не так чтобы + слишком молод. +} + +\trlex{ru_old}{ru}{cz}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + With aditional characters for pre-1981 Russian orthography (100~per cent ISO~9).% +}{% + А~сведется віра, убьютъ сотцкого в~селѣ, ино тебѣ взяти полтіна, а~не + сотцкого, + ино четырѣ гривны, а~намъ віръ не таити в~Новѣгородѣ; а~о~убіствѣ віръ нѣтъ. + А~что волости, честны король, новгородцкіе, ино тебѣ не держати своими мужи, + а~держати мужми новогородцкими. + А~что пошлина в~Торжку и~на Волоцѣ, тівунъ свои держати на своеи чясті, + а~Новугороду на своеи чясти посадника держаті. + А~се волости новогородцкіе: Волокъ со всѣми волостми, Торжокъ, Бѣжіці, + Городець + Палець, Шіпинъ, Мелеця, Егна, Заволочье, Тиръ, Пермь, Печера, Югра, Вологда + с~волостмі. +} + +\trlex{all}{uk}{cz}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + The complete cyrillic mapping from ISO~9; transliterating Belarusian.% +}{% + Беларуская мова, мова беларусаў, уваход\-зіць у~сям’ю індаеўрапейскіх моў, яе + славянскай групы і~ўсходнеславянскіх моваў падгрупы, на якой размаўляюць + у~Беларусі і~па ўсім свеце, галоўным чынам у~Расіі, Украіне, Польшчы. + Б.~м. пад\-зяляе шмат граматычных і~лексічных уласцівасцяў з~іншымі + ўсходнеславянскімі мовамі (гл. таксама: Іншыя назвы беларускай мовы і~Узаемныя + ўплывы усходнеславянскіх моваў). +} + +\trlex{all}{uk}{cz}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + The complete cyrillic mapping from ISO~9; transliterating Ukrainian.% +}{% + Украї́нська мова (застарілі назви -- руська мова, проста мова […]) -- + слов'янсь\-ка мова, державна в~Україні та одна з~трьох «офіційних мов на рівних + засадах» у~неви\-знаній Придністровській Молдавсь\-кій Республіці. + За різними оцінками загалом у~світі українською мовою гово\-рить від 41~млн. + до 45~млн. осіб, вона входить до третього десятка найпоши\-ре\-ні\-ших мов + світу. +} + +\trlex{all}{ru}{cz}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + The complete cyrillic mapping from ISO~9; transliterating Serbian.% +}{% + Српски језик је један од словенских језика из породице индоевропских језика. + Први писани споменици у~српској редакцији старословенског језика потичу из XI + и~XII века. + Српски језик је стандардни језик у~службеној употреби у~Србији, Босни + и~Херцеговини и~Црној Гори, а~у~употреби је и~у другим земљама гдје живе + Срби, међу осталима и~у~Хрватској. +} + +\trlex{iso9_ocs}{ru}{cz}{cyrilice}{% + Transliteration rules according to ISO~9 with additions for Old (Church) + Slavonic.% +}{% + Что сѧ дѣѥтѣ по вѣремьнемь~: то ѿидето по вѣрьмьнемь~: приказано бѹдѣте + добрымъ людѣмъ~: а любо грамотою ѹтвѣрдѧть~: како то бѹдѣте всемъ вѣдомъ~: + или кто посль живыи ѡстанѣть сѧ~: того лѣт͠ коли алъбрахтъ~: влд͠ка ризкии + ѹмьрлъ~: ѹздѹмалъ кнѧзѣ смольнескыи~: мьстиславъ~: двд͠въ сн͠ъ~: прислалъ въ + ригѹ своѥго лѹчьшего попа~: ѥрьмея~: и съ нимь ѹмьна мѹжа пантелья~: + исвоѥго горда смольнеска~: та два была послъмь ѹ ризѣ~: из ригы ѥхали на + гочкыи берьго~: тамо твердити миръ~: +} + +\subsection{“Scientific” transliteration} +These transliterations are widely used among scholars, mainly linguists and, to +a lesser extent, historians. +They comprise large character sets in order to represent the original text +adequately and facilitate comparison of texts of the same language written in +different scripts; they are not, however, as easily reversible as ISO~9. + +\trlex{ocs}{ru}{cs}{cyrilice}{% + Transliteration for Old Slavonic used in Slavic studies, taken from the + excellent book of \cite [authoryear][aks].% +}{% + Се начнемъ повѣсть сию. + По потопѣ . первиє снве Ноєви . раздѣлиша землю . Симъ . Хамъ . Афетъ . и~ꙗсѧ + въстокъ . Симови Персида . Ватрь . тоже и~до Индикиꙗ в~долготу и~в~ширину [и + до Нирокоуриа] ꙗкоже рещи ѿ въстока и~до полуденьꙗ . и~Суриꙗ . + и~Индиа по Єфратъ рѣку . Вавилонъ . Кордуна . Асурѧне . Мисопотамира . + Аравиꙗ . старѣишаꙗ . Єлмаисъ . Инди . Равиꙗ . на всѧ Д. +} + +\trlex{ru_cz}{ru}{cs}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + Czech phonetic transcription for contemporary Russian.% +}{% + Прошло семь лет после 12-го года. Взволнованное историческое море Европы + улеглось в свои берега. Оно казалось затихшим; но таинственные силы, + двигающие человечество (таинственные потому, что законы, определяющие их + движение, неизвестны нам), продолжали свое действие. + Несмотря на то, что поверхность исторического моря казалась неподвижною, так + же непрерывно, как движение времени, двигалось человечество. Слагались, + разлагались различные группы людских сцеплений; подготовлялись причины + образования и~разложения государств, перемещений народов.% +} + +\trlex{ocs_cz}{ru}{cs}{cyrilice}{% + Czech phonetic transcription for Old Slavonic (superset of the corresponding + Russian transcription). +}{% + Убьеть мужь мужа, то мьстить брату брата, или сынови отца, любо отцю сына, + или братучаду, любо сестрину сынови; аще не будеть кто мьстіѧ, то 40 гривенъ + ꙁа голову; аще будеть русинъ, любо гридинъ, любо купчина, любо іѧбетник, любо + мечникъ, аще иꙁъгои будеть, любо словенинъ, то 40 гривенъ положити ꙁа нь. +} + + +\subsection{Legacy national transcriptions} +At the moment there are tables for old school transcription into three +languages: English (via \type{ru_transcript_en}), German +(\type{ru_transcript_de}) and Czech (\type{ocs_cz}). +Only one of them (Czech) is recommendable as the others are to a~large extent +irreversible and lack efficiency; +at least the German one is almost unreadable if used with +strings longer than two words. +As we have the bijective ISO~9 mapping at hand there should be reason at all to +use any of them unless when threatened by ignorants. + +\trlex{ru_transcript_en}{ru}{en}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + English transcription for contemporary Russian.% +}{% + Прошло семь лет после 12-го года. Взволнованное историческое море Европы + улеглось в свои берега. Оно казалось затихшим; но таинственные силы, + двигающие человечество (таинственные потому, что законы, определяющие их + движение, неизвестны нам), продолжали свое действие. + Несмотря на то, что поверхность исторического моря казалась неподвижною, так + же непрерывно, как движение времени, двигалось человечество. Слагались, + разлагались различные группы людских сцеплений; подготовлялись причины + образования и~разложения государств, перемещений народов.% +} + +\trlex{ru_transcript_de}{ru}{deo}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + German transcription for contemporary Russian.\footnote{% + Following \cite[authoryear][duden] p.~82; all the canonical rules are + implemented save one: {\em -его} and {\em -ого} should resolve to {\em + -ewo} and {\em -owo} respectively iff genitive endings. + As this is a grammatical rather than graphetical criterion writing a + substitution algorithm would amount to do natural language parsing. + To make things worse this rule is phonetically confused as it would not + take care of other contexts where {\em г} in those patterns is articulated + as /{\em v}/ like for instance in {\em сегодня} (which is a historical + genitive, though …). + So even if this could be implemented it would not be advisable to use such + a rule.% + }% +}{% + Прошло семь лет после 12-го года. Взволнованное историческое море Европы + улеглось в свои берега. Оно казалось затихшим; но таинственные силы, + двигающие человечество (таинственные потому, что законы, определяющие их + движение, неизвестны нам), продолжали свое действие. + Несмотря на то, что поверхность исторического моря казалась неподвижною, так + же непрерывно, как движение времени, двигалось человечество. Слагались, + разлагались различные группы людских сцеплений; подготовлялись причины + образования и~разложения государств, перемещений народов.% +} + +\section{Glagolitic} +\trlex{ocs_gla}{ru}{cs}{hlaholice}{% + “Scientific” transliteration for Old Slavonic written in the Glagolitic + alphabet as used in \cite[authoryear][aks].% +}{% + [ⰲⰾ] + ⰰⰴⱏⰻⰽⱁ ⱍⰽ҃ⱏ ⱄⰻ ⱈⱁⱋⰵⱅⱏ ⱃⰰⰸ[ⱁⱃⰻⱅ] + ⰻ ⰸⰰⰽⱁⱀⱏ ⰿⰰⱀⰰⱄⱅⱏⰻⱃⱏⱄⰽⰻ: [ⰻⰶⰵ] + ⱅⱏⰻ ⱆⱄⱅⰰⰲⰻ჻ Ⱃⰵⱍⰵ ⰶⰵ ⰻⰳⱆⰿ[ⱏ] [ⱀⱏ] + ⰽⰰⰽⱁ ⱈⱁⱋⰵⱅⱏ ⱃⰰⰸⱁⱃⰻⱅⰻ ⰸⰰⰽ[ⱁⱀⱏ] + [.] [ⰰ] ⰵⱄⱅⱏ· ⱍⱃⱏⰲⰻ⁖ ⰻ [ⰿ] [..........] + [..] ⰿⱏ ⱀⰵ ⰿⱁⰶⰵⰿⱏ ⱄⰵⰳⱁ ⱅⱃⱏⱂⱑⱅ[ⰻ] + [ⰴⰰ] ⰾⱆⰱⱁ ⱄⰵⰳⱁ ⰻⰿⱑⰻ ⱄⱏⰴⱑ჻ ⰰ ⰿⱏⰻ ⱁ + [ⱅⰻ]ⰴⰵⰿⱏ: ⰾⱆⰱⱁ ⱄⰵⰳⱁ ⱂⱆⱄⱅⰻ: ⰴⰰ ⱁⱅ + [ⰻⰴ]ⰵⱅⱏ ⰻⰶⰵ ⰵⱄⱅⱏ ⱂⱃⰻⱎⱏⰾⱏ: ⱄ[ⰵ] +} + +\section{Greek} +The Transliterator offers two modes for handling Greek: \type{gr} and +\type{gr_en}. +They differ only on one aspect. +\type{gr} basically transliterates the canonical Greek alphabet as well as the +special glyphs Digamma, Quoppa and Sampi. +\type{gr_n} behaves exactly the same way except that nasalization is observed +such that \type{γ+[γ|κ]} yields \type{n+[g|k]}. + +\trlex{gr}{agr}{de}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + Transliteration for Greek -- standard. +}{% + οἴνῳ δὲ κάρτα προσκέαται, καί σφι οὐκ ἐμέσαι ἔξεστι, οὐκὶ οὐρῆσαι ἀντίον + ἄλλου. + ταῦτα μέν νυν οὕτω φυλάσσεται, μεθυσκόμενοι δὲ ἐώθασι βουλεύεσθαι τὰ + σπουδαιέστατα τῶν πρηγμάτων: τὸ δ᾽ ἂν ἅδῃ σφι βουλευομένοισι, τοῦτο τῇ + ὑστεραίῃ νήφουσι προτιθεῖ ὁ στέγαρχος, ἐν τοῦ ἂν ἐόντες βουλεύωνται, καὶ ἢν + μὲν + ἅδῃ καὶ νήφουσι, χρέωνται αὐτῷ, ἢν δὲμὴ ἅδῃ, μετιεῖσι. τὰ δ᾽ ἂν νήφοντες + προβουλεύσωνται, μεθυσκόμενοι ἐπιδιαγινώσκουσι. +}% + +\trlex{gr_n}{agr}{de}{computer-modern-unicode}{% + Transliteration for Greek -- alternative respecting nasalization. +}{% + ταῦτα καὶ νεωτέρῳ καὶ πρεσβυτέρῳ ὅτῳ ἂν ἐντυγχάνω ποιήσω, καὶ ξένῳ καὶ ἀστῷ, + μᾶλλον δὲ τοῖς ἀστοῖς, ὅσῳ μου ἐγγυτέρω ἐστὲ γένει. +}% + + \chapter{References} +%\cite[authoryear][iso] +\nocite[duden] +\nocite[bornemann] +\nocite[kirschbaum] +\nocite[iso] +\nocite[aks] +\nocite[dintb] +\placepublications [criterium=all] \stoptext % vim:ft=context |