if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['l-dimen'] = { version = 1.001, comment = "support for dimensions", author = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL", copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team", license = "see context related readme files" } --[[ldx--

Internally work with scaled point, which are represented by integers. However, in practice, at east at the end we work with more generic units like points (pt). Going from scaled points (numbers) to one of those units can be done by using the conversion factors collected in the following table.

--ldx]]-- local format, match, gsub, type, setmetatable = string.format, string.match, string.gsub, type, setmetatable local P, S, R, Cc, C, lpegmatch = lpeg.P, lpeg.S, lpeg.R, lpeg.Cc, lpeg.C, lpeg.match local allocate = utilities.storage.allocate local setmetatableindex = table.setmetatableindex --this might become another namespace number = number or { } local number = number number.tonumberf = function(n) return match(format("%.20f",n),"(.-0?)0*$") end -- one zero too much but alas number.tonumberg = function(n) return format("%.20g",n) end local dimenfactors = allocate { ["pt"] = 1/65536, ["in"] = ( 100/ 7227)/65536, ["cm"] = ( 254/ 7227)/65536, ["mm"] = ( 2540/ 7227)/65536, ["sp"] = 1, -- 65536 sp in 1pt ["bp"] = ( 7200/ 7227)/65536, ["pc"] = ( 1/ 12)/65536, ["dd"] = ( 1157/ 1238)/65536, ["cc"] = ( 1157/14856)/65536, ["nd"] = (20320/21681)/65536, ["nc"] = ( 5080/65043)/65536 } --~ print(table.serialize(dimenfactors)) --~ --~ %.99g: --~ --~ t={ --~ ["bp"]=1.5201782378580324e-005, --~ ["cc"]=1.1883696112892098e-006, --~ ["cm"]=5.3628510057769479e-007, --~ ["dd"]=1.4260435335470516e-005, --~ ["em"]=0.000152587890625, --~ ["ex"]=6.103515625e-005, --~ ["in"]=2.1113586636917117e-007, --~ ["mm"]=5.3628510057769473e-008, --~ ["nc"]=1.1917446679504327e-006, --~ ["nd"]=1.4300936015405194e-005, --~ ["pc"]=1.2715657552083333e-006, --~ ["pt"]=1.52587890625e-005, --~ ["sp"]=1, --~ } --~ --~ patched %s and tonumber --~ --~ t={ --~ ["bp"]=0.00001520178238, --~ ["cc"]=0.00000118836961, --~ ["cm"]=0.0000005362851, --~ ["dd"]=0.00001426043534, --~ ["em"]=0.00015258789063, --~ ["ex"]=0.00006103515625, --~ ["in"]=0.00000021113587, --~ ["mm"]=0.00000005362851, --~ ["nc"]=0.00000119174467, --~ ["nd"]=0.00001430093602, --~ ["pc"]=0.00000127156576, --~ ["pt"]=0.00001525878906, --~ ["sp"]=1, --~ } --[[ldx--

A conversion function that takes a number, unit (string) and optional format (string) is implemented using this table.

--ldx]]-- local function numbertodimen(n,unit,fmt) if type(n) == 'string' then return n else unit = unit or 'pt' if not fmt then fmt = "%s%s" elseif fmt == true then fmt = "%0.5f%s" end return format(fmt,n*dimenfactors[unit],unit) -- if fmt then -- return format(fmt,n*dimenfactors[unit],unit) -- else -- return match(format("%.20f",n*dimenfactors[unit]),"(.-0?)0*$") .. unit -- end end end --[[ldx--

We collect a bunch of converters in the number namespace.

--ldx]]-- number.maxdimen = 1073741823 number.todimen = numbertodimen number.dimenfactors = dimenfactors function number.topoints (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"pt",fmt) end function number.toinches (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"in",fmt) end function number.tocentimeters (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"cm",fmt) end function number.tomillimeters (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"mm",fmt) end function number.toscaledpoints(n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"sp",fmt) end function number.toscaledpoints(n) return n .. "sp" end function number.tobasepoints (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"bp",fmt) end function number.topicas (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n "pc",fmt) end function number.todidots (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"dd",fmt) end function number.tociceros (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"cc",fmt) end function number.tonewdidots (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"nd",fmt) end function number.tonewciceros (n,fmt) return numbertodimen(n,"nc",fmt) end --[[ldx--

More interesting it to implement a (sort of) dimen datatype, one that permits calculations too. First we define a function that converts a string to scaledpoints. We use . We capture a number and optionally a unit. When no unit is given a constant capture takes place.

--ldx]]-- local amount = (S("+-")^0 * R("09")^0 * P(".")^0 * R("09")^0) + Cc("0") local unit = R("az")^1 local dimenpair = amount/tonumber * (unit^1/dimenfactors + Cc(1)) -- tonumber is new lpeg.patterns.dimenpair = dimenpair local splitter = amount/tonumber * C(unit^1) function number.splitdimen(str) return lpegmatch(splitter,str) end --[[ldx--

We use a metatable to intercept errors. When no key is found in the table with factors, the metatable will be consulted for an alternative index function.

--ldx]]-- setmetatableindex(dimenfactors, function(t,s) -- error("wrong dimension: " .. (s or "?")) -- better a message return false end) --[[ldx--

We redefine the following function later on, so we comment it here (which saves us bytecodes.

--ldx]]-- -- function string.todimen(str) -- if type(str) == "number" then -- return str -- else -- local value, unit = lpegmatch(dimenpair,str) -- return value/unit -- end -- end -- -- local stringtodimen = string.todimen local stringtodimen -- assigned later (commenting saves bytecode) local amount = S("+-")^0 * R("09")^0 * S(".,")^0 * R("09")^0 local unit = P("pt") + P("cm") + P("mm") + P("sp") + P("bp") + P("in") + P("pc") + P("dd") + P("cc") + P("nd") + P("nc") local validdimen = amount * unit lpeg.patterns.validdimen = validdimen --[[ldx--

This converter accepts calls like:

string.todimen("10") string.todimen(".10") string.todimen("10.0") string.todimen("10.0pt") string.todimen("10pt") string.todimen("10.0pt")

With this in place, we can now implement a proper datatype for dimensions, one that permits us to do this:

s = dimen "10pt" + dimen "20pt" + dimen "200pt" - dimen "100sp" / 10 + "20pt" + "0pt"

We create a local metatable for this new type:

--ldx]]-- local dimensions = { } --[[ldx--

The main (and globally) visible representation of a dimen is defined next: it is a one-element table. The unit that is returned from the match is normally a number (one of the previously defined factors) but we also accept functions. Later we will see why. This function is redefined later.

--ldx]]-- -- function dimen(a) -- if a then -- local ta= type(a) -- if ta == "string" then -- local value, unit = lpegmatch(pattern,a) -- if type(unit) == "function" then -- k = value/unit() -- else -- k = value/unit -- end -- a = k -- elseif ta == "table" then -- a = a[1] -- end -- return setmetatable({ a }, dimensions) -- else -- return setmetatable({ 0 }, dimensions) -- end -- end --[[ldx--

This function return a small hash with a metatable attached. It is through this metatable that we can do the calculations. We could have shared some of the code but for reasons of speed we don't.

--ldx]]-- function dimensions.__add(a, b) local ta, tb = type(a), type(b) if ta == "string" then a = stringtodimen(a) elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end if tb == "string" then b = stringtodimen(b) elseif tb == "table" then b = b[1] end return setmetatable({ a + b }, dimensions) end function dimensions.__sub(a, b) local ta, tb = type(a), type(b) if ta == "string" then a = stringtodimen(a) elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end if tb == "string" then b = stringtodimen(b) elseif tb == "table" then b = b[1] end return setmetatable({ a - b }, dimensions) end function dimensions.__mul(a, b) local ta, tb = type(a), type(b) if ta == "string" then a = stringtodimen(a) elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end if tb == "string" then b = stringtodimen(b) elseif tb == "table" then b = b[1] end return setmetatable({ a * b }, dimensions) end function dimensions.__div(a, b) local ta, tb = type(a), type(b) if ta == "string" then a = stringtodimen(a) elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end if tb == "string" then b = stringtodimen(b) elseif tb == "table" then b = b[1] end return setmetatable({ a / b }, dimensions) end function dimensions.__unm(a) local ta = type(a) if ta == "string" then a = stringtodimen(a) elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end return setmetatable({ - a }, dimensions) end --[[ldx--

It makes no sense to implement the power and modulo function but the next two do make sense because they permits is code like:

local a, b = dimen "10pt", dimen "11pt" ... if a > b then ... end --ldx]]-- -- makes no sense: dimensions.__pow and dimensions.__mod function dimensions.__lt(a, b) return a[1] < b[1] end function dimensions.__eq(a, b) return a[1] == b[1] end --[[ldx--

We also need to provide a function for conversion to string (so that we can print dimensions). We print them as points, just like .

--ldx]]-- function dimensions.__tostring(a) return a[1]/65536 .. "pt" -- instead of todimen(a[1]) end --[[ldx--

Since it does not take much code, we also provide a way to access a few accessors

print(dimen().pt) print(dimen().sp) --ldx]]-- function dimensions.__index(tab,key) local d = dimenfactors[key] if not d then error("illegal property of dimen: " .. key) d = 1 end return 1/d end --[[ldx--

In the converter from string to dimension we support functions as factors. This is because in we have a few more units: ex and em. These are not constant factors but depend on the current font. They are not defined by default, but need an explicit function call. This is because at the moment that this code is loaded, the relevant tables that hold the functions needed may not yet be available.

--ldx]]-- dimenfactors["ex"] = 4 * 1/65536 -- 4pt dimenfactors["em"] = 10 * 1/65536 -- 10pt -- dimenfactors["%"] = 4 * 1/65536 -- 400pt/100 --[[ldx--

The previous code is rather efficient (also thanks to ) but we can speed it up by caching converted dimensions. On my machine (2008) the following loop takes about 25.5 seconds.

for i=1,1000000 do local s = dimen "10pt" + dimen "20pt" + dimen "200pt" - dimen "100sp" / 10 + "20pt" + "0pt" end

When we cache converted strings this becomes 16.3 seconds. In order not to waste too much memory on it, we tag the values of the cache as being week which mean that the garbage collector will collect them in a next sweep. This means that in most cases the speed up is mostly affecting the current couple of calculations and as such the speed penalty is small.

We redefine two previous defined functions that can benefit from this:

--ldx]]-- local known = { } setmetatable(known, { __mode = "v" }) function dimen(a) if a then local ta= type(a) if ta == "string" then local k = known[a] if k then a = k else local value, unit = lpegmatch(dimenpair,a) if type(unit) == "function" then k = value/unit() else k = value/unit end known[a] = k a = k end elseif ta == "table" then a = a[1] end return setmetatable({ a }, dimensions) else return setmetatable({ 0 }, dimensions) end end function string.todimen(str) -- maybe use tex.sp when available if type(str) == "number" then return str else local k = known[str] if not k then local value, unit = lpegmatch(dimenpair,str) if value and unit then k = value/unit -- to be considered: round else k = 0 end -- print(str,value,unit) known[str] = k end return k end end --~ local known = { } --~ function string.todimen(str) -- maybe use tex.sp --~ local k = known[str] --~ if not k then --~ k = tex.sp(str) --~ known[str] = k --~ end --~ return k --~ end stringtodimen = string.todimen -- local variable defined earlier function number.toscaled(d) return format("%0.5f",d/2^16) end --[[ldx--

In a similar fashion we can define a glue datatype. In that case we probably use a hash instead of a one-element table.

--ldx]]-- --[[ldx--

Goodie:s

--ldx]]-- function number.percent(n,d) -- will be cleaned up once luatex 0.30 is out d = d or tex.hsize if type(d) == "string" then d = stringtodimen(d) end return (n/100) * d end number["%"] = number.percent