if not modules then modules = { } end modules ['typo-cap'] = {
    version   = 1.001,
    comment   = "companion to typo-cap.mkiv",
    author    = "Hans Hagen, PRAGMA-ADE, Hasselt NL",
    copyright = "PRAGMA ADE / ConTeXt Development Team",
    license   = "see context related readme files"
    }

local next, type = next, type
local format, insert = string.format, table.insert
local div, randomnumber = math.div, math.random

local trace_casing = false  trackers.register("typesetters.casing", function(v) trace_casing = v end)

local report_casing = logs.reporter("typesetting","casing")

local nodes, node = nodes, node

local nuts            = nodes.nuts
local tonode          = nuts.tonode
local tonut           = nuts.tonut

local getfield        = nuts.getfield
local setfield        = nuts.setfield
local getnext         = nuts.getnext
local getprev         = nuts.getprev
local getid           = nuts.getid
local getattr         = nuts.getattr
local setattr         = nuts.setattr
local getfont         = nuts.getfont
local getsubtype      = nuts.getsubtype
local getchar         = nuts.getchar

local copy_node       = nuts.copy
local end_of_math     = nuts.end_of_math
local traverse_nodes  = nuts.traverse
local traverse_id     = nuts.traverse_id
local insert_after    = nuts.insert_after

local nodecodes       = nodes.nodecodes
local skipcodes       = nodes.skipcodes
local kerncodes       = nodes.kerncodes

local glyph_code      = nodecodes.glyph
local kern_code       = nodecodes.kern
local disc_code       = nodecodes.disc
local math_code       = nodecodes.math

local kerning_code    = kerncodes.kerning
local userskip_code   = skipcodes.userskip

local tasks           = nodes.tasks

local fonthashes      = fonts.hashes
local fontdata        = fonthashes.identifiers
local fontchar        = fonthashes.characters

local variables       = interfaces.variables
local v_reset         = variables.reset

local chardata        = characters.data
local texsetattribute = tex.setattribute
local unsetvalue      = attributes.unsetvalue

typesetters           = typesetters or { }
local typesetters     = typesetters

typesetters.cases     = typesetters.cases or { }
local cases           = typesetters.cases

cases.actions         = { }
local actions         = cases.actions
local a_cases         = attributes.private("case")

local extract         = bit32.extract
local run             = 0 -- a trick to make neighbouring ranges work

local blocked         = { }

local function set(tag,font)
    if run == 2^6 then
        run = 1
    else
        run = run + 1
    end
    return font * 0x10000 + tag * 0x100 + run
end

local function get(a)
    local font = extract(a,16,12) -- 4000
    local tag  = extract(a, 8, 8) --  250
    local run  = extract(a, 0, 8) --   50
    return tag, font, run
end

-- print(get(set(  1,   0)))
-- print(get(set(  1,  99)))
-- print(get(set(  2,  96)))
-- print(get(set( 30, 922)))
-- print(get(set(250,4000)))

-- a previous implementation used char(0) as placeholder for the larger font, so we needed
-- to remove it before it can do further harm ... that was too tricky as we use char 0 for
-- other cases too
--
-- we could do the whole glyph run here (till no more attributes match) but then we end up
-- with more code .. maybe i will clean this up anyway as the lastfont hack is somewhat ugly
-- ... on the other hand, we need to deal with cases like:
--
-- \WORD {far too \Word{many \WORD{more \word{pushed} in between} useless} words}

local uccodes    = characters.uccodes
local lccodes    = characters.lccodes
local categories = characters.categories

-- true false true == mixed

local function replacer(start,codes)
    local char = getchar(start)
    local dc   = codes[char]
    if dc then
        local fnt = getfont(start)
        local ifc = fontchar[fnt]
        if type(dc) == "table" then
            for i=1,#dc do
                if not ifc[dc[i]] then
                    return start, false
                end
            end
            for i=#dc,1,-1 do
                local chr = dc[i]
                if i == 1 then
                    setfield(start,"char",chr)
                else
                    local g = copy_node(start)
                    setfield(g,"char",chr)
                    insert_after(start,start,g)
                end
            end
            return start, true
        elseif ifc[dc] then
            setfield(start,"char",dc)
            return start, true
        end
    end
    return start, false
end

local registered, n = { }, 0

local function register(name,f)
    if type(f) == "function" then
        n = n + 1
        actions[n] = f
        registered[name] = n
        return n
    else
        local n = registered[f]
        registered[name] = n
        return n
    end
end

cases.register = register

local function WORD(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    lastfont[n] = false
    return replacer(first or start,uccodes)
end

local function word(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    lastfont[n] = false
    return replacer(first or start,lccodes)
end

local function Words(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first) -- looks quite complex
    if where == "post" then
        return
    end
    if count == 1 and where ~= "post" then
        replacer(first or start,uccodes)
        return start, true, true
    else
        return start, false, true
    end
end

local function Word(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    blocked[attr] = true
    return Words(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
end

local function camel(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    local _, done_1 = word(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    local _, done_2 = Words(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    return start, done_1 or done_2, true
end

local function mixed(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    if where == "post" then
        return
    end
    local used = first or start
    local char = getchar(first)
    local dc   = uccodes[char]
    if not dc then
        return start, false, true
    elseif dc == char then
        local lfa = lastfont[n]
        if lfa then
            setfield(first,"font",lfa)
            return start, true, true
        else
            return start, false, true
        end
    else
        replacer(first or start,uccodes)
        return start, true, true
    end
end

local function Capital(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first,once) -- 3
    local used = first or start
    if count == 1 and where ~= "post" then
        local lfa = lastfont[n]
        if lfa then
            local dc = uccodes[getchar(used)]
            if dc then
                setfield(used,"font",lfa)
            end
        end
    end
    local s, d, c = replacer(first or start,uccodes)
    if once then
        lastfont[n] = false -- here
    end
    return start, d, c
end

local function capital(start,attr,lastfont,n,where,count,first,count) -- 4
    return Capital(start,attr,lastfont,n,where,count,first,true)
end

local function none(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    return start, false, true
end

local function random(start,attr,lastfont,n,count,where,first)
    local used  = first or start
    local char  = getchar(used)
    local font  = getfont(used)
    local tfm   = fontchar[font]
    lastfont[n] = false
    local kind  = categories[char]
    if kind == "lu" then
        while true do
            local n = randomnumber(0x41,0x5A)
            if tfm[n] then -- this also intercepts tables
                setfield(used,"char",n)
                return start, true
            end
        end
    elseif kind == "ll" then
        while true do
            local n = randomnumber(0x61,0x7A)
            if tfm[n] then -- this also intercepts tables
                setfield(used,"char",n)
                return start, true
            end
        end
    end
    return start, false
end

register(variables.WORD,   WORD)              --   1
register(variables.word,   word)              --   2
register(variables.Word,   Word)              --   3
register(variables.Words,  Words)             --   4
register(variables.capital,capital)           --   5
register(variables.Capital,Capital)           --   6
register(variables.none,   none)              --   7 (dummy)
register(variables.random, random)            --   8
register(variables.mixed,  mixed)             --   9
register(variables.camel,  camel)             --  10

register(variables.cap,    variables.capital) -- clone
register(variables.Cap,    variables.Capital) -- clone

function cases.handler(head) -- not real fast but also not used on much data
    local lastfont = { }
    local lastattr = nil
    local done     = false
    local start    = tonut(head)
    local count    = 0
    local previd   = nil
    local prev     = nil
    while start do -- while because start can jump ahead
        local id = getid(start)
        if id == glyph_code then
            local attr = getattr(start,a_cases)
            if attr and attr > 0 and not blocked[attr] then
                if attr ~= lastattr then
                    lastattr = attr
                    count    = 1
                else
                    count    = count + 1
                end
                setattr(start,a_cases,unsetvalue)
                local n, id, m = get(attr)
                if lastfont[n] == nil then
                    lastfont[n] = id
                end
                local action = actions[n] -- map back to low number
                if action then
                    start, ok = action(start,attr,lastfont,n,count)
                    if ok then
                        done = true
                    end
                    if trace_casing then
                        report_casing("case trigger %a, instance %a, fontid %a, result %a",n,m,id,ok)
                    end
                elseif trace_casing then
                    report_casing("unknown case trigger %a",n)
                end
            end
        elseif id == disc_code then
            local attr = getattr(start,a_cases)
            if attr and attr > 0 and not blocked[attr] then
                if attr ~= lastattr then
                    lastattr = attr
                    count    = 0
                end
                setattr(start,a_cases,unsetvalue)
                local n, id, m = get(attr)
                if lastfont[n] == nil then
                    lastfont[n] = id
                end
                local action = actions[n] -- map back to low number
                if action then
                    local replace = getfield(start,"replace")
                    if replace then
                        local cnt = count
                        for g in traverse_id(glyph_code,replace) do
                            cnt = cnt + 1
                         -- setattr(g,a_cases,unsetvalue)
                            local _, _, quit = action(start,attr,lastfont,n,cnt,"replace",g)
                            if quit then break end
                        end
                    end
                    local pre = getfield(start,"pre")
                    if pre then
                        local cnt = count
                        for g in traverse_id(glyph_code,pre) do
                            cnt = cnt + 1
                         -- setattr(g,a_cases,unsetvalue)
                            local _,  _, quit = action(start,attr,lastfont,n,cnt,"pre",g)
                            if quit then break end
                        end
                    end
                    local post = getfield(start,"post")
                    if post then
                        local cnt = count
                        for g in traverse_id(glyph_code,post) do
                            cnt = cnt + 1
                         -- setattr(g,a_cases,unsetvalue)
                            local _,  _, quit = action(start,attr,lastfont,n,cnt,"post",g)
                            if quit then break end
                        end
                    end
                end
                count = count + 1
            end
        elseif id == math_code then
            start = end_of_math(start)
            count = 0
        elseif prev_id == kern_code and getsubtype(prev) == kerning_code then
            -- still inside a word ...nomally kerns are added later
        else
            count = 0
        end
        if start then
            prev   = start
            previd = id
            start  = getnext(start)
        end
    end
    return head, done
end

-- function cases.handler(head) -- let's assume head doesn't change ... no reason
--     local done     = false
--     local lastfont = { }
--     for first, last, size, attr in nuts.words(tonut(head),a_cases) do
--         local n, id, m = get(attr)
--         if lastfont[n] == nil then
--             lastfont[n] = id
--         end
--         local action = actions[n]
--         if action then
--             local _, ok = action(first,attr,lastfont,n)
--             if ok then
--                 done = true
--             end
--         end
--     end
--     return head, done
-- end

local enabled = false

function cases.set(n,id)
    if n == v_reset then
        n = unsetvalue
    else
        n = registered[n] or tonumber(n)
        if n then
            if not enabled then
                tasks.enableaction("processors","typesetters.cases.handler")
                if trace_casing then
                    report_casing("enabling case handler")
                end
                enabled = true
            end
            n = set(n,id)
        else
            n = unsetvalue
        end
    end
    texsetattribute(a_cases,n)
 -- return n -- bonus
end

-- interface

interfaces.implement {
    name      = "setcharactercasing",
    actions   = cases.set,
    arguments = { "string", "integer" }
}