%D \module
%D   [       file=math-ali,
%D        version=2008.10.20,
%D          title=\CONTEXT\ Math Macros,
%D       subtitle=Math Alignments,
%D         author={Hans Hagen, Taco Hoekwater \& Aditya Mahajan},
%D           date=\currentdate,
%D      copyright=PRAGMA-ADE / Hans Hagen]
%C
%C This module is part of the \CONTEXT\ macro||package and is
%C therefore copyrighted by \PRAGMA. See mreadme.pdf for
%C details.

\writestatus{loading}{ConTeXt Math Macros / Math Alignments}

\unprotect

%D The code here has been moved from other files. Beware: the \MKII\ and
%D \MKIV\ code is not gathered in files with the same name.

%D \macros
%D   {definemathalignment, setupmathalignment, startmathalignment}
%D
%D Modules may provide additional alignment features. The following
%D mechanisms are provided by the core.

% n>1 #### needed, strange # interaction in recurse

\def\presetdisplaymath{\displ@y} % some day i will relocate the plain stuff

\def\buildeqalign
  {\scratchtoks\emptytoks
   \dorecurse{\mathalignmentparameter\c!m}
     {\ifnum\recurselevel>\plusone
        \appendtoks
          \tabskip\mathalignmentparameter\c!distance&\tabskip\zeropoint
        \to\scratchtoks
      \fi
      \normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksa}}%
      \dorecurse{\numexpr\mathalignmentparameter\c!n-\plusone\relax}
        {\normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksb}}}}%
   \normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksc}}}

\def\forgetalign
  {\tabskip\zeropoint\everycr\emptytoks}

\let\firstineqalign\empty
\let\nextineqalign \empty
\let\leftofeqalign \empty
\let\rightofeqalign\empty

\def\mathineqalign#1{$\forgetalign\displaystyle{{}#1{}}$}
\def\textineqalign#1{$\forgetalign#1$}

\def\eqalign#1% why no halign here, probably because of displaywidth
  {\null\,\vcenter
     {\openup.25\bodyfontsize% was: \openup\jot
      \mathsurround\zeropoint
      \ialign{\strut\hfil$\displaystyle{##}$&$\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}%
   }\,}

% preamble is scanned for tabskips so we need the span to prevent an error message

\chardef\eqalignmode\plusone

\def\preparereqalignno
  {\!!toksa{\strut\firstineqalign\hfil\leftofeqalign\span\mathineqalign{##}\rightofeqalign\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \!!toksb{&\nextineqalign\leftofeqalign\span\mathineqalign{##}\rightofeqalign\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \ifnum\mathraggedstatus=\plusone
     \!!toksc{\hfil&\span\textineqalign{##}\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \else\ifnum\mathraggedstatus=\plusthree
     \!!toksc{\hfil\tabskip\zeropoint\!!plus 1\!!fill&\span\textineqalign{##}\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \else
     \!!toksc{\hfil\tabskip\centering&\llap{\span\textineqalign{##}}\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \fi\fi
   \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\zerocount
   \buildeqalign
   \presetdisplaymath
   \tabskip\centering}

\def\prepareleqalignno
  {\!!toksa{\strut\firstineqalign\hfil\leftofeqalign\span\mathineqalign{##}\rightofeqalign\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   \!!toksb{&\nextineqalign\leftofeqalign\span\mathineqalign{##}\rightofeqalign\tabskip\zeropoint}%
   % problem: number is handled after rest and so ends up in the margin
   \ifnum\mathraggedstatus=\plusone
     \!!toksc{\hfil&\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{\span\textineqalign{##}}\tabskip\displaywidth}%
   \else\ifnum\mathraggedstatus=\plusthree
     \!!toksc{\hfil\tabskip\zeropoint\!!plus 1\!!fill&\kern-\displaywidth\span\mrlap{\span\textineqalign{##}}\tabskip\displaywidth}%
   \else
     \!!toksc{\hfil\tabskip\centering&\kern-\displaywidth\rlap{\span\textineqalign{##}}\tabskip\displaywidth}%
   \fi\fi
   \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\zerocount
   \buildeqalign
   \presetdisplaymath
   \tabskip\centering}

\def\dobotheqalignno#1#2%
  {\ifmmode
     \displ@y % \let\doplaceformulanumber\relax % strange hack
     \vcenter\bgroup
     \let\finishalignno\egroup
   \else
     \let\finishalignno\relax
   \fi
   #1%
   \halign \ifcase\eqalignmode \or to \displaywidth \fi \@EA {\the\scratchtoks\crcr#2\crcr}%
   \finishalignno}

\def\dobothaligneqalignno#1%
  {\ifmmode
    \displ@y
    \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\plusone
    \ifcase\mathraggedstatus
       \def\finishalignno{\crcr\egroup}%
    \else
       % we're in a mathbox
       \vcenter\bgroup
       \def\finishalignno{\crcr\egroup\egroup}%
    \fi
   \fi
   #1%
   \halign \ifcase\eqalignmode \or to \displaywidth \fi \@EA \bgroup\the\scratchtoks\crcr}

\def\mrlap#1%
  {\setbox\scratchbox\hbox{#1}%
   \ifdim\wd\scratchbox>\mathnumbercorrection
     \xdef\mathnumbercorrection{\the\wd\scratchbox}%
   \fi
   \box\scratchbox
   \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\plustwo}

% \def\dobothaligneqalignno#1%
%   {\ifmmode
%     \displ@y
%     \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\plusone
%      we're in a mathbox
%      \vcenter\bgroup
%      \def\finishalignno{\crcr\egroup\egroup}%
%    \else
%      \def\finishalignno{\crcr\egroup}%
%    \fi
%    #1%
%    \halign \ifcase\eqalignmode \or to \displaywidth \fi \@EA \bgroup\the\scratchtoks\crcr}

\def\reqalignno     {\dobotheqalignno     \preparereqalignno}
\def\leqalignno     {\dobotheqalignno     \prepareleqalignno}
\def\alignreqalignno{\dobothaligneqalignno\preparereqalignno}
\def\alignleqalignno{\dobothaligneqalignno\prepareleqalignno}
\def\finishalignno  {\crcr\egroup}

\let    \equalignno     \reqalignno
\let\aligneqalignno\alignreqalignno

%D Here we implement the user interface part.

\unexpanded\def\setupmathalignment
  {\dodoubleempty\dosetupmathalignment}

\def\dosetupmathalignment[#1][#2]%
  {\ifsecondargument
     \getparameters[\??eq#1][#2]%
   \else
     \getparameters[\??eq][#1]%
   \fi}

\let\currentmathalignment\empty

\def\mathalignmentparameter#1%
  {\executeifdefined{\??eq\currentmathalignment#1}{\executeifdefined{\??eq#1}\empty}}

\setupmathalignment
  [\c!n=2,
   \c!m=1,
   \c!distance=1em]

\def\numberedeqalign
  {\doifelse{\formulaparameter\c!location}\v!left\alignleqalignno\alignreqalignno}

\def\doxxdoubleempty#1#2%
  {\ifx#2[\expandafter\dodoxxdoubleempty\else\expandafter\noxxdoubleempty\fi#1#2}

\def\dodoxxdoubleempty#1[#2]#3%
  {\ifx#3[\else\expandafter\nonoxxdoubleempty\fi#1[#2]#3}

\def\noxxdoubleempty      #1{#1[][]}
\def\nonoxxdoubleempty#1[#2]{#1[#2][]}

\newcount\eqaligncolumn

\def\firstineqalign{\global\eqaligncolumn\plusone}
\def\nextineqalign {\global\advance\eqaligncolumn\plusone}
\def\leftofeqalign {\getvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}}
\def\rightofeqalign{\getvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}}

\def\doseteqaligncolumn#1%
  {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\empty
   \letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\empty
   \doif{#1}\v!left  {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfill}%
   \doif{#1}\v!right {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfill}%
   \doif{#1}\v!middle{\letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfill
                      \letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfill}}

\def\dodoalignNC
  {\gdef\doalignNC##1{&##1}}

\def\doalignNR[#1][#2]%
  {\donestedformulanumber{#1}{#2}\crcr}

%D \starttyping
%D \placeformula[eqn0]\startformula \startalign[n=1] a\NR       \stopalign \stopformula See \in[eqn0]
%D \placeformula[eqn1]\startformula \startalign[n=1] a\NR       \stopalign \stopformula See \in[eqn1]
%D \placeformula      \startformula \startalign[n=1] a\NR[eqn2] \stopalign \stopformula See \in[eqn2]
%D \placeformula[eqn3]\startformula \startalign[n=1] a\NR[+]    \stopalign \stopformula See \in[eqn3]
%D \stoptyping

% todo: pop in cell

\def\dostartmathalignment[#1][#2]%
  {% \begingroup not permitted ($$...assignments...\halign... )
   \pushmacro\doalignNC
   \edef\currentmathalignment{#1}%
   \doifassignmentelse{#2}{\setupmathalignment[#1][#2]}\donothing
   \def\NC{\doalignNC}%
   \global\let\doalignNC\dodoalignNC
   \def\EQ{&=}%
   \def\NR{&\global\let\doalignNC\dodoalignNC\doxxdoubleempty\doalignNR}%
   % amstex compatibility mode: (ugly, will disappear)
   \def\notag{\def\\{&\crcr}}%
   \doifelse{#2}{*}{\def\\{&\crcr}}{\def\\{&\doalignNR[+][]\crcr}}%
   % end of compatibility mode
   \eqaligncolumn\zerocount
   \processcommacommand
     [\mathalignmentparameter\c!align]
     {\advance\eqaligncolumn\plusone\doseteqaligncolumn}% takes argument
   % the real action
   \global\eqaligncolumn\plusone
   \numberedeqalign}

\def\dostopmathalignment
  {\finishalignno
   \popmacro\doalignNC}

\unexpanded\def\definemathalignment
  {\dodoubleempty\dodefinemathalignment}

\def\dodefinemathalignment[#1]% [#2]%
  {\setvalue{\e!start#1}{\dodoubleempty\dostartmathalignment[#1]}%
   \setvalue{\e!stop #1}{\dostopmathalignment}%
   \setupmathalignment[#1]}% [#2]

%D For the moment we only provide english commands.

\definemathalignment[align]            % default case (this is what amstex users expect)
\definemathalignment[\v!mathalignment] % prefered case (this is cleaner, less clashing)

%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \eqalignno {
%D  a &= b & \formulanumber \cr
%D  c &= d \cr
%D    &= e \cr
%D    &= f & \formulanumber
%D } \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign
%D \NC  a \EQ b \NR[+]
%D \NC  c \EQ d \NR
%D \NC    \EQ f \NR[for:demo-a-1]
%D \NC    \EQ g \NR[for:demo-a-2][a]
%D \NC    \EQ h \NR[for:demo-a-3][b]
%D \NC    \EQ i \NR
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign
%D \NC a \EQ b \NR[+]
%D \NC c \EQ d \NR
%D \NC   \EQ f \NR
%D \NC   \EQ g \NR
%D \NC   \EQ h \NR
%D \NC   \EQ i \NR[+]
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign
%D a &= b \\
%D c &= d \notag \\
%D   &= e \notag \\
%D   &= f \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign
%D \NC  a \NC \eq  b \NR[+]
%D \NC  c \NC \neq d \NR
%D \NC    \NC \neq f \NR[for:demo-b-1]
%D \NC    \NC \geq g \NR[for:demo-b-2][a]
%D \NC    \NC \leq h \NR[for:demo-b-3][b]
%D \NC    \NC \neq i \NR
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[*]
%D a &= b \\
%D c &= d \\
%D   &= e \\
%D   &= f \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign
%D     x &= y \\
%D     a &= b \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[m=3]
%D     x &= y & x &= y & z &= t \\
%D     a &= b & p &= q & w &= s \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[m=3,distance=0pt]
%D     x &= y &= x &= y &= z &= t \\
%D     a &= b &= p &= q &= w &= s \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[n=5,distance=0pt]
%D     x &= yy &= xx &= yy &= zz \\
%D     a &= b  &= p  &= q  &= w  \\
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[n=3,align={left,middle,right}]
%D \NC       l \NC = \NC r     \NR
%D \NC    left \NC = \NC right \NR
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[n=3,align={right,middle,left}]
%D \NC       l \NC = \NC r     \NR
%D \NC    left \NC = \NC right \NR
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startalign[n=3,align={middle,middle,middle}]
%D \NC       l \NC = \NC r     \NR
%D \NC    left \NC = \NC right \NR
%D \stopalign \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula
%D \startformula
%D     \startalign[n=3,align={middle,middle,middle}]
%D         \NC a  \NC = \NC b  \NR[+]
%D         \NC 2a \NC = \NC 2b \NR
%D     \stopalign
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula
%D \startformulas
%D     \setupmathalignment[n=3,align={middle,middle,middle}]%
%D     \startformula
%D         \startalign
%D             \NC a  \NC = \NC b  \NR[+]
%D             \NC 2a \NC = \NC 2b \NR
%D         \stopalign
%D     \stopformula
%D     \startformula
%D         \startalign
%D             \NC a  \NC = \NC b  \NR[+]
%D             \NC 2a \NC = \NC 2b \NR
%D         \stopalign
%D     \stopformula
%D \stopformulas
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula
%D \startformulas
%D     \dorecurse{5}{\startformula
%D         \startalign[n=3,align={middle,middle,middle}]
%D             \NC a  \NC = \NC b  \NR[+]
%D             \NC 2a \NC = \NC 2b \NR
%D         \stopalign
%D     \stopformula}
%D \stopformulas
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer

%D \macros
%D   {definemathcases, setupmathcases, startmathcases}
%D
%D Another wish \unknown

\unexpanded\def\setupmathcases
  {\dodoubleempty\dosetupmathcases}

\def\dosetupmathcases[#1][#2]%
  {\ifsecondargument
     \getparameters[\??ce#1][#2]%
   \else
     \getparameters[\??ce][#1]%
   \fi}

\let\currentmathcases\empty

\def\mathcasesparameter#1%
  {\executeifdefined{\??ce\currentmathcases#1}{\executeifdefined{\??ce#1}\empty}}

\setupmathcases
  [\c!distance=1em,
   \c!numberdistance=2.5em,
   \c!left={\left\{\,},
   \c!right={\right.}]

\def\dodocasesNC
  {\gdef\docasesNC{\endmath&}}

\let\docasesNR\doalignNR

\def\dostartmathcases[#1][#2]%
  {\begingroup
   \edef\currentmathcases{#1}%
   \doifassignmentelse{#2}{\setupmathcases[#1][#2]}\donothing
   \mathcasesparameter\c!left
   \vcenter\bgroup
   \pushmacro\docasesNC
   \let\endmath\relax
   \def\NC{\docasesNC}%
   \def\MC{\docasesNC\ifmmode\else$\def\endmath{$}\fi}%
   \global\let\docasesNC\dodocasesNC
   \def\NR{\unskip\endmath&\global\let\docasesNC\dodocasesNC\doxxdoubleempty\docasesNR}%
   \normalbaselines
   \mathsurround\zeropoint
   \everycr\emptytoks
   \tabskip\zeropoint
   \global\eqaligncolumn\plusone
   \halign\bgroup
        $\mathcasesparameter\c!style##$\hfil
       &\hskip\mathcasesparameter\c!distance\relax
        \popmacro\docasesNC##\hfil
       &\hskip\mathcasesparameter\c!numberdistance\relax
        \let\formuladistance\!!zeropoint
        \span\textineqalign{##}%
     \crcr} % todo: number

\def\dostopmathcases
  {\crcr
   \egroup
   \popmacro\docasesNC
   \egroup
   \mathcasesparameter\c!right
   \endgroup}

\unexpanded\def\definemathcases
  {\dodoubleempty\dodefinemathcases}

\def\dodefinemathcases[#1]% [#2]%
  {\setvalue{\e!start#1}{\dodoubleempty\dostartmathcases[#1]}%
   \setvalue{\e!stop #1}{\dostopmathcases}%
   \setupmathcases[#1]}% [#2]

\definemathcases[cases]
\definemathcases[\v!mathcases]

%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startcases
%D \NC 2 \NC $ y > 0 $ \NR
%D \NC 7 \NC $ x = 7 $ \NR[+]
%D \NC 4 \NC otherwise \NR
%D \stopcases \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula x \startcases
%D \NC 2 \NC $ y > 0 $ \NR[+]
%D \NC 7 \NC $ x = 7 $ \NR
%D \NC 4 \NC otherwise \NR
%D \stopcases \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula \startcases
%D \NC 2 \NC $ y > 0 $ \NR
%D \NC 7 \NC $ x = 7 $ \NR
%D \NC 4 \NC otherwise \NR
%D \stopcases \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula x \startcases
%D \NC 2 \NC $ y > 0 $ \NR
%D \NC 7 \NC $ x = 7 $ \NR
%D \NC 4 \NC otherwise \NR
%D \stopcases \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer

%D \macros
%D   {definemathmatrix, setupmathmatrix, startmathmatrix}
%D
%D Yet another one \unknown

\unexpanded\def\setupmathmatrix
  {\dodoubleempty\dosetupmathmatrix}

\def\dosetupmathmatrix[#1][#2]%
  {\ifsecondargument
     \getparameters[\??mx#1][#2]%
   \else
     \getparameters[\??mx][#1]%
   \fi}

\let\currentmathmatrix\empty

\def\mathmatrixparameter#1%
  {\executeifdefined{\??mx\currentmathmatrix#1}{\executeifdefined{\??mx#1}\empty}}

\setupmathmatrix
  [\c!distance=1em,
   \c!left=,
   \c!right=,
   \c!align=\v!middle]

\def\dosetmatrixcolumn#1% hh: todo: \definematrixalign
  {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil
   \letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil
   \doif{#1}\v!left  {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\relax
                      \letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil}%
   \doif{#1}\v!right {\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil
                      \letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\relax }%
   \doif{#1}\v!middle{\letvalue{\??eq:\v!left :\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil
                      \letvalue{\??eq:\v!right:\number\eqaligncolumn}\hfil}}

\def\buildmathmatrix % beware: etex only
  {\scratchtoks\emptytoks
   \normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksa}}%
   \dorecurse{\numexpr\scratchcounter-\plusone\relax}
     {\normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksb}}}%
   \normalexpanded{\scratchtoks{\the\scratchtoks\the\!!toksc }}}

\def\preparemathmatrix
  {\!!toksa{\strut \firstineqalign\leftofeqalign \span
            \textineqalign{\mathmatrixparameter\c!style ##}\rightofeqalign}%
   \!!toksb{&\hskip\mathmatrixparameter\c!distance
            \nextineqalign\leftofeqalign \span
            \textineqalign{\mathmatrixparameter\c!style ##}\rightofeqalign}%
   \!!toksc{&&\hskip\mathmatrixparameter\c!distance
            \leftofeqalign \span
            \textineqalign{\mathmatrixparameter\c!style ##}\rightofeqalign}%
   \buildmathmatrix
   \halign \@EA \bgroup\the\scratchtoks \crcr}

\unexpanded\def\definemathmatrix
  {\dodoubleempty\dodefinemathmatrix}

\def\dodefinemathmatrix[#1]% [#2]%
  {\setuvalue{\e!start#1}{\dodoubleempty\dostartmathmatrix[#1]}%
   \setuvalue{\e!stop #1}{\dostopmathmatrix}%
   \setupmathmatrix[#1]}% [#2]

\definemathmatrix[matrix]
\definemathmatrix[\v!mathmatrix]

\unexpanded\def\dodomatrixNC
  {\gdef\domatrixNC{\endmath&}}

\def\installmathmatrixhandler#1#2%
  {\setvalue{\??mx:#1}{#2}}

% First alternative:
%
% \def\processlowhighmathmatrix#1%
%   {\def\mathmatrixleft
%      {\setbox\nextbox}
%    \def\mathmatrixright
%      {#1.5\dimexpr\nextboxdp-\nextboxht\relax
%       \hbox{$\mathmatrixparameter\c!left
%             \vcenter{\unvbox\nextbox}%
%             \mathmatrixparameter\c!right$}}%
%     \let\mathmatrixbox\vbox}
%
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!high  {\processlowhighmathmatrix\raise}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!low   {\processlowhighmathmatrix\lower}
%
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!top   {\processlowhighmathmatrix\raise}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!bottom{\processlowhighmathmatrix\lower}
%
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!lohi
%   {\def\mathmatrixleft {\mathmatrixparameter\c!left}%
%    \def\mathmatrixright{\mathmatrixparameter\c!right}%
%    \let\mathmatrixbox\vcenter}
%
% An alternative
%
% \let\mathmatrixleft \empty
% \let\mathmatrixright\empty
%
% \def\processlowhighmathmatrix#1%
%   {\dowithnextbox
%      {#1.5\dimexpr\nextboxdp-\nextboxht\relax
%       \hbox{$\mathmatrixparameter\c!left
%             \vcenter{\unvbox\nextbox}%
%             \mathmatrixparameter\c!right$}}%
%    \vbox}
%
% \def\processlohimathmatrix
%   {\dowithnextbox
%      {\mathmatrixparameter\c!left
%       \vcenter{\unvbox\nextbox}%
%       \mathmatrixparameter\c!right}%
%    \vbox}
%
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!high  {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\raise}}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!low   {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\lower}}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!top   {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\raise}}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!bottom{\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\lower}}
% \installmathmatrixhandler\v!lohi  {\let\mathmatrixbox \processlohimathmatrix}
%
% Final version

\let\mathmatrixleft \empty % experimental hook
\let\mathmatrixright\empty % experimental hook

\def\processlowhighmathmatrix#1#2%
  {\dowithnextbox
     {\scratchdimen\dimexpr(\nextboxdp-\nextboxht)/2 \ifcase#2\or+\mathaxisheight\textfont2\fi\relax
      \ifcase#1\relax\or\lower\scratchdimen\or\or\raise\scratchdimen\fi
      \hbox{$\mathmatrixparameter\c!left
            \vcenter{\unvbox\nextbox}%
            \mathmatrixparameter\c!right$}}%
   \vbox}

\installmathmatrixhandler\v!top   {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\plusthree\plusone  }}
\installmathmatrixhandler\v!high  {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\plusthree\zerocount}}
\installmathmatrixhandler\v!lohi  {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\plustwo  \zerocount}}
\installmathmatrixhandler\v!low   {\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\plusone  \zerocount}}
\installmathmatrixhandler\v!bottom{\def\mathmatrixbox{\processlowhighmathmatrix\plusone  \plusone  }}

\def\dostartmathmatrix[#1][#2]%
  {\begingroup
   \edef\currentmathmatrix{#1}%
   \doifassignmentelse{#2}{\setupmathmatrix[#1][#2]}\donothing
   \null
   \executeifdefined{\??mx:\mathmatrixparameter\c!location}{\getvalue{\??mx:\v!lohi}}%
   \mathmatrixleft
   \mathmatrixbox\bgroup
   \pushmacro\domatrixNC
   \let\endmath\relax
   \def\NC{\domatrixNC}%
   \def\MC{\domatrixNC\ifmmode\else$\def\endmath{$}\fi}%
   \global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC
   \def\NR{\endmath\global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC\crcr}%
   \normalbaselines
   \mathsurround\zeropoint
   \everycr\emptytoks
   \tabskip\zeropoint
   \eqaligncolumn\zerocount % could be \scratchcounter
   \processcommacommand[\mathmatrixparameter\c!align]{\advance\eqaligncolumn\plusone\dosetmatrixcolumn}%
   \scratchcounter=\ifnum\eqaligncolumn>\zerocount \eqaligncolumn \else \plusone \fi
   \global\eqaligncolumn\plusone
   \preparemathmatrix } % uses scratchcounter

\def\dostopmathmatrix
  {\crcr
   \mathstrut\crcr
   \noalign{\kern-\baselineskip}%
   \egroup
   \popmacro\domatrixNC
   \egroup
   \mathmatrixright
   \endgroup}

%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula[-] \startmatrix
%D \NC 1 \NC x \NC a \NR
%D \NC 2 \NC y \NC b \NR
%D \NC 3 \NC z \NC c \NR
%D \stopmatrix \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \definemathmatrix[bmatrix][left={\left[\,},right={\,\right]}]
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \placeformula \startformula[-] \startbmatrix
%D \NC 1 \NC x \NC a \NR
%D \NC 2 \NC y \NC b \NR
%D \NC 3 \NC z \NC c \NR
%D \stopbmatrix \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D Taco added some code (dedicated to Aditya Mahajan) that gives more
%D control over aligments:

%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D   \startmatrix
%D    \NC a + x \NC = \NC a + d \NR
%D    \NC y     \NC = \NC d     \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer

%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D   \startmatrix [distance=3pt,align={right,left}]
%D    \NC a + x \NC = a + d \NR
%D    \NC y     \NC = d     \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer

%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D   \startmatrix [left=\left(,right=\right)]
%D    \NC a + x \NR
%D    \NC y    \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D A bit more complex code:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D    \text{Let }{\cal R} = \bigcup_{P_{X_1},P_{X_2}}
%D    \left\{ (R_1, R_2) :
%D    \startmatrix[distance=1em,align={left,left,right}]
%D      \NC R_1        \NC < I(X_1 ; Y \mid X_2)      \NC R_1       \NR
%D      \NC \hfill Q_2 \NC < I(X_2 ; Y \mid X_1)      \NC R_2       \NR
%D      \NC R_1 + R_2  \NC < I(X_1 ; Y)               \NC R_1 + R_2 \NR
%D    \stopmatrix
%D    \right\}
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer

%D \macros
%D   {startmatrices}
%D
%D Just a handy keystroke safer:

\unexpanded\def\startmatrices
  {\begingroup
   \setupmathmatrix}

\unexpanded\def\stopmatrices
  {\endgroup}

%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D   \startmatrix[left={\left(},right={\right)}]
%D     \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D   =
%D   \startmatrix[left={\left(},right={\right)},location=low]
%D     \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D   =
%D   \startmatrix[left={\left(},right={\right)},location=high]
%D     \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D   \stopmatrix
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D   \startmatrices[left={\left(},right={\right)}]
%D     \startmatrix
%D       \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D     \stopmatrix
%D     =
%D     \startmatrix[location=bottom]
%D       \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D     \stopmatrix
%D     =
%D     \startmatrix[location=top]
%D       \NC A \NC B \NR \NC C \NC D \NR
%D     \stopmatrix
%D   \stopmatrices
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer  % does not run well: \getbuffer

%D \macros
%D   {startintertext}
%D
%D Preliminary feature:
%D
%D {\em example code}

\unexpanded\def\startintertext#1\stopintertext
  {\noalign{\dointertext{#1}}}

\def\intertext#1%
  {\noalign{\dointertext{#1}}}

\unexpanded\def\dointertext#1%
  {\penalty\postdisplaypenalty
   \afterdisplayspace
   \vbox{\forgetall\noindent#1\par}%
   \penalty\predisplaypenalty
   \beforedisplayspace}

% %D \macros
% %D   {substack}
% %D
% %D Preliminary code:
% %D
% %D \starttyping
% %D \startformula
% %D    \sum_{%
% %D      \startsubstack
% %D       i = 1 \NR
% %D       i \neq n \NR
% %D       i \neq m
% %D       \stopsubstack
% %D     }a_i
% %D \stopformula
% %D \stoptyping

% \unexpanded\def\startsubstack
%    {\begingroup
%     \null
%     \vcenter\bgroup
%     \pushmacro\domatrixNC
%     \let\stopmathmode\relax
%     \def\NC{\domatrixNC}%
%     \def\MC{\domatrixNC\startmathmode}%
%     \global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC
%     \def\NR
%       {\stopmathmode
%        \global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC
%        \crcr\noalign{\nointerlineskip}}%
%     \mathsurround\zeropoint
%     \everycr\emptytoks
%     \halign\bgroup\hfil$\scriptstyle\mathstrut##$\hfil\crcr}

% \unexpanded\def\stopsubstack
%    {\crcr
%     \egroup
%     \popmacro\domatrixNC
%     \egroup
%     \endgroup}

%D \macros
%D   {substack}
%D
%D Preliminary code:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D    \sum_{%
%D      \startsubstack
%D       i = 1 \NR
%D       i \neq n \NR
%D       i \neq m
%D       \stopsubstack
%D     }a_i
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \getbuffer which was typed as \typebuffer
%D
%D Notice that these macros give the correct spacing for
%D subscripts. Compare for example
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D \sum_{\startsubstack a \NR b \NR \stopsubstack}
%D \text{ and }
%D \sum_{\scriptstyle a \atop \scriptstyle}
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer which gives \getbuffer

\unexpanded\def\startsubstack
  {\begingroup
   \vcenter\bgroup
   \baselineskip\mathstacktotal
   \lineskip\mathstackvgap
   \lineskiplimit\lineskip
   \let\stopmathmode\relax
   \def\NC{\domatrixNC}%
   \def\MC{\domatrixNC\startmathmode}%
   \global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC
   \def\NR
     {\stopmathmode
      \global\let\domatrixNC\dodomatrixNC
      \crcr}%
   \mathsurround\zeropoint
   \everycr\emptytoks
   \halign\bgroup\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\crcr}

\unexpanded\def\stopsubstack
  {\crcr
   \egroup
   \egroup
   \endgroup}

%D \macros
%D   {bordermatrix}
%D
%D In \PLAIN\ \TEX\ the width of a parenthesis is stored in
%D the \DIMENSION\ \type{\mathparentwd}. This value is derived from
%D the width of \type{\tenrm B}, so let's take care of it now:

\ifx\mathparentwd\undefined \newdimen\mathparentwd \fi

\let\normalbordermatrix\bordermatrix

\def\bordermatrix
  {\begingroup
   \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{\mr\char"239C}%
   \global\mathparentwd\wd\scratchbox\relax
   \endgroup
   \normalbordermatrix}

% to be tested
%
% \def\bordermatrix
%   {\begingroup\mr\global\mathparentwd\fontcharwd\font"239C\relax\endgroup
%    \normalbordermatrix}

%D \macros{overset, underset}
%D
%D The macros \type{\overset} and \type{\underset} are provided by
%D \AMS\ packages in \LATEX. These macro allows you to place a symbol
%D above or below another symbol, irrespective of whether the other
%D symbol is a relation or something else, and without influencing the
%D spacing.  For most cases there is a better way to do such things
%D (declaring a math command with limop option, or using accents), but
%D occasionally these macros can be useful, for example:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \startformula
%D \overset{*}{X} \underset{*}{X}
%D \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D \typebuffer \getbuffer
%D
%D Use these macros sparingly. Remember, \TEX\ was designed for
%D mathematics, so there is usually a proper method for typesetting
%D common math notation.

%D These macros are a clearer version of \type{\binrel@} and
%D \type{\binrel@@} macros in \AMSTEX\ packages.

\def\preparebinrel#1%
  {\begingroup
   \setbox\scratchbox\hbox
     {\thinmuskip   0mu
      \medmuskip   -1mu
      \thickmuskip -1mu
      \setbox\scratchbox\hbox{$#1\mathsurround\zeropoint$}%
      \kern-\wd\scratchbox
      ${}#1{}\mathsurround\zeropoint$}%
   \normalexpanded
     {\endgroup
      \let\noexpand\currentbinrel
      \ifdim\wd\scratchbox<\zeropoint
        \mathbin
      \else\ifdim\wd\scratchbox>\zeropoint
        \mathrel
      \else
        \relax
      \fi\fi}}

\unexpanded\def\overset#1#2%
  {\preparebinrel{#2}%
   \currentbinrel{\mathop{\kern\zeropoint#2}\limits^{#1}}}

\unexpanded\def\underset#1#2%
  {\preparebinrel{#2}%
   \currentbinrel{\mathop{\kern\zeropoint#2}\limits_{#1}}}

%D The following code comes from \type {math-str.mkiv}.

%D Here we implement a basic math alignment mechanism. Numbers
%D are also handled. The macros \type {\startinnermath} and
%D \type {\stopinnermath} can be overloaded in specialized
%D modules.

\unexpanded\def\startinnermath
  {\getvalue{\e!start\??fm\formulaparameter\c!align}}

\unexpanded\def\stopinnermath
  {\getvalue{\e!stop \??fm\formulaparameter\c!align}}

\def\mathinnerstrut
  {\doif{\formulaparameter\c!strut}\v!yes\strut}

\long\unexpanded\def\defineinnermathhandler#1#2#3%
  {\setvalue{\e!start\??fm#1}{#2}%
   \setvalue{\e!stop \??fm#1}{#3}}

\newif\iftracemath

\def\mathhbox
  {\iftracemath\ruledhbox\else\hbox\fi}

\chardef\mathraggedstatus=0 % normal left center  right
\chardef\mathnumberstatus=0 % nothing normal shift_right
\let\mathnumbercorrection\!!zeropoint

\unexpanded\def\startmathbox#1%
  {\hsize\displaywidth
   \global\chardef\mathnumberstatus\plusone
   \chardef\mathraggedstatus#1\relax
   \let\mathnumbercorrection\!!zeropoint
   \global\let\@eqno \empty \def\eqno {\gdef\@eqno }%
   \global\let\@leqno\empty \def\leqno{\gdef\@leqno}%
   % added
   \let\normalreqno\eqno
   \let\normalleqno\leqno
   % added
   \doplaceformulanumber
   \setbox\scratchbox\mathhbox to \displaywidth\bgroup
     \mathinnerstrut
     $%
     \displaystyle
     \ifcase\mathraggedstatus\or\hfill\or\hfill\fi}

\def\llappedmathno
  {\ifcase\mathraggedstatus\or
     \@eqno
   \or
     \llap{\@eqno}%
   \or
     \llap{\@eqno}%
   \fi}

\def\rlappedmathno
  {\ifcase\mathraggedstatus\or
     \rlap{\@leqno}%
   \or
     \rlap{\@leqno}%
   \or
     \@leqno
   \fi}

\unexpanded\def\stopmathbox
  {$%
   \ifcase\mathraggedstatus\or\or\hfill\or\hfill\fi
   \egroup
   \setbox0\hbox{\unhcopy\scratchbox}%
   \scratchdimen\wd0
   \ifdim\scratchdimen>\displaywidth
     \donetrue
   \else
     \donefalse
   \fi
   \hbox to \displaywidth\bgroup
     \ifcase\mathnumberstatus
       \box\scratchbox
     \or
       \ifx\@leqno\empty
         \ifx\@eqno\empty
           \box\scratchbox
         \else
           \ifdone
             \vbox{\box\scratchbox\hbox to \displaywidth{\hss\llappedmathno}}%
           \else
             \hss\box\scratchbox\llappedmathno % hss makes room for number
           \fi
         \fi
       \else
         \ifdone
           \vbox{\hbox to \displaywidth{\rlappedmathno\hss}\box\scratchbox}%
         \else
           \rlappedmathno\box\scratchbox\hss % hss makes room for number
         \fi
       \fi
     \or
        \hskip\mathnumbercorrection
        \box\scratchbox
        \hss
     \else
        \box\scratchbox
     \fi
   \egroup}

\defineinnermathhandler\v!left      {\startmathbox\plusone  }{\stopmathbox}
\defineinnermathhandler\v!middle    {\startmathbox\plustwo  }{\stopmathbox}
\defineinnermathhandler\v!right     {\startmathbox\plusthree}{\stopmathbox}
\defineinnermathhandler\v!flushleft {\startmathbox\plusthree}{\stopmathbox}
\defineinnermathhandler\v!center    {\startmathbox\plustwo  }{\stopmathbox}
\defineinnermathhandler\v!flushright{\startmathbox\plusone  }{\stopmathbox}

%D [The examples below are in english and don't process in the
%D  documentation style, which will be english some day.]
%D
%D Normally a formula is centered, but in case you want to
%D align it left or right, you can set up formulas to behave
%D that way. Normally a formula will adapt is left indentation
%D to the environment:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \fakewords{20}{40}\epar
%D \startitemize
%D \item \fakewords{20}{40}\epar
%D       \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \item \fakewords{20}{40}\epar
%D \stopitemize
%D \fakewords{20}{40}\epar
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D % \getbuffer
%D
%D In the next examples we explicitly align formulas to the
%D left (\type {\raggedleft}), center and right (\type
%D {\raggedright}):
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=left]
%D \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \setupformulas[align=middle]
%D \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \setupformulas[align=right]
%D \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer
%D
%D Or in print:
%D
%D % {\getbuffer}
%D
%D With formula numbers these formulas look as follows:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=left]
%D \placeformula \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \setupformulas[align=middle]
%D \placeformula \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \setupformulas[align=right]
%D \placeformula \startformula\fakeformula\stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D % {\getbuffer}
%D
%D This was keyed in as:
%D
%D \typebuffer
%D
%D When tracing is turned on (\type {\tracemathtrue}) you can
%D visualize the bounding box of the formula,
%D
%D % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}
%D
%D As you can see, the dimensions are the natural ones, but if
%D needed you can force a normalized line:
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[strut=yes]
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer
%D
%D This time we get a more spacy result.
%D
%D % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}
%D
%D We will now show a couple of more settings and combinations
%D of settings. In centered formulas, the number takes no space
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=middle]
%D \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}
%D
%D You can influence the placement of the whole box with the
%D parameters \type {leftmargin} and \type {rightmargin}.
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=right,leftmargin=3em]
%D \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D
%D \setupformulas[align=left,rightmargin=1em]
%D \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}
%D
%D You can also inherit the margin from the environment.
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=right,margin=standard]
%D \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}
%D
%D The distance between the formula and the number is only
%D applied when the formula is left or right aligned.
%D
%D \startbuffer
%D \setupformulas[align=left,distance=2em]
%D \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \placeformula \startformula \fakeformula \stopformula
%D \stopbuffer
%D
%D \typebuffer % {\tracemathtrue\getbuffer}

\protect \endinput

% \placeformula \startformula[-] \startmatrix
% \NC 1 \NC x \NC a \NR
% \NC 2 \NC y \NC b \NR
% \NC 3 \NC z \NC c \NR
% \stopmatrix \stopformula

% \definemathmatrix[bordermatrix][left={\left[\,},right={\,\right]}]

% \placeformula \startformula[-] \startbordermatrix
% \NC 1 \NC x \NC a \NR
% \NC 2 \NC y \NC b \NR
% \NC 3 \NC z \NC c \NR
% \stopbordermatrix \stopformula