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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing')
5 files changed, 370 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-linecorrection.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-linecorrection.tex index c16afbf0a..525dd7490 100644 --- a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-linecorrection.tex +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-linecorrection.tex @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ \startchapter[title=Line correction] +\startsection[title=Wrapping content] + \startbuffer[linecorrection] \typebuffer \blank @@ -103,6 +105,8 @@ Because in this document we have set the whitespace this also gets added around the box. So, in case your spacing around some special content looks bad, consider using these commands. +\stopsection + \stopchapter \stopcomponent diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-mkiv.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-mkiv.tex index 375f4e2a8..0f32e4d30 100644 --- a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-mkiv.tex +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-mkiv.tex @@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ \startbodymatter \component spacing-linecorrection + \component spacing-spaces + \component spacing-periods \stopbodymatter \stopdocument diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-periods.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-periods.tex new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d493b9a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-periods.tex @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +% language=uk + +\environment spacing-style + +\startcomponent spacing-periods + +\startchapter[title=Periods in abbreviations] + +% \enabletrackers[typesetters.periodkerns] + +When you use so called non french spacing you get more spacing after punctuation +(as determined by the \type {sfcode} of the punctuation character) . However, +when you use periods as delimiters for abbreviations, that period is not the end +of a sentence and you want normal interword spacing instead. One way to achieve +this is to add a backslash after the period but in an automated workflow where +the source is not coming from \TEX\ but for instance in \XML\ format, you can't +do that. The \type {\setupspacing} command can be used to set one of: + +\starttabulate[|T|p|] +\NC fixed \NC \showglyphs \frenchspacing bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR +\NC packed \NC \showglyphs \newfrenchspacing bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR +\NC broad \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR +\stoptabulate + +The \type {packed} case is similar to \type {fixed} but has slightly larger (some +5\percent) spacing after punctuation which (at least historically) avoids some +side effects with hyphenation and dashes. We default to \type {broad} anyway. + +The next examples demonstrate what the \type {\setperiodkerning} does when it gets +an option passed. Its counterpart is \type {\resetperiodkerning}. + +\starttabulate[|T|Tr|p|] + \HL + \NC \NC \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \resetperiodkerning bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR + \NC \NC \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \resetperiodkerning bla bla e.g. Some more \NC \NR + \HL + \NC zerospaceperiods \NC 0 \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [zerospaceperiods]bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR + \NC \NC \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [zerospaceperiods]bla bla e.g. Some more \NC \NR + \HL + \NC smallspaceperiods \NC .25\NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [smallspaceperiods]bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR + \NC \NC \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [smallspaceperiods]bla bla e.g. Some more \NC \NR + \HL + \NC halfspaceperiods \NC .50 \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [halfspaceperiods]bla bla e.g. some more \NC \NR + \NC \NC \NC \showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [halfspaceperiods]bla bla e.g. Some more \NC \NR + \HL +\stoptabulate + +Next we enlarge the affected bit of text so that you can see that the last two +options also affects the space after the periods that bind the characters. + +\startlinecorrection +\startcombination[4*2] + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \resetperiodkerning e.g. s}}} {} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [zerospaceperiods]e.g. s}}} {} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [smallspaceperiods]e.g. s}}} {} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [halfspaceperiods]e.g. s}}} {} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \resetperiodkerning e.g. S}}} {} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [zerospaceperiods]e.g. S}}} {\ttxx zerospaceperiods} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [smallspaceperiods]e.g. S}}} {\ttxx smallspaceperiods} + {\scale[scale=3500]{\ruledhbox{\showglyphs \nonfrenchspacing \setperiodkerning [halfspaceperiods]e.g. S}}} {\ttxx halfspaceperiods} +\stopcombination +\stoplinecorrection + +Defining more options is easy, we only specify the factor that determines mid +periods. When \type {factor} is zero, only the final period is looked at. + +\starttyping +\defineperiodkerning [zerospaceperiods] [factor=0] +\defineperiodkerning [smallspaceperiods] [factor=.25] +\defineperiodkerning [halfspaceperiods] [factor=.5] +\stoptyping + +This mechanism has been present for a while but I forgot about it. When cleaning +up code it was decided to add it to the core. Maybe more options and features are +needed but so far there has never been demand for this so \unknown + +\stopchapter + +\stopcomponent diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-spaces.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-spaces.tex new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d7f64379 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-spaces.tex @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +% language=uk + +\environment spacing-style + +\startcomponent spacing-periods + +\startchapter[title=Spacing] + +\startsection[title=Spaces] + +When \TEX\ reads its input and transforms content it into a node list spaces are +turned into glue nodes of subtype \quote {spaceskip} or \quote {xspaceskip}. In +pseudo code, this is what happens: + +\starttyping +if spacefactor >= 2000 and xspaceskip ~= 0 then + space = xspaceskip_space + stretch = xspaceskip_stretch + shrink = xspaceskip_shrink + subtype = xspaceskip +else + if spaceskip == 0 then + space = font_space + stretch = font_stretch + shrink = font_shrink + else + space = spaceskip_space + stretch = spaceskip_stretch + shrink = spaceskip_shrink + end + if space_factor >= 2000 + space = space + font_extraspace + end + stretch = stretch * space_factor + shrink = shrink * space_factor + subtype = spaceskip +end +insert_glue(space,stretch,shrink,subtype) +\stoptyping + +We demonstrate the effects in a few examples. You can use \typ {\showmakeup [space]} to +visualize spaces. + +\def\ShowSpaces#1#2#3% + {\blank + \start + \startsubsubsubject[title={case #1: \type{#2} and \type {#3}}] + \dontleavehmode + #2\relax + #3\relax + \showmakeup[space]% + % \definedfont[Serif*default]% + \nonfrenchspacing + \strut x\space x.\space x\crlf + \frenchspacing + \strut x\space x.\space x\par + \stop + \stopsubsubject + \blank} + +\ShowSpaces{1}{\spacefactor2000}{\xspaceskip100pt} + +\starttabulate[|l|l|] +\HL +\NC \type {\spacefactor} \NC $\geq 2000$ \NC \NR +\NC \type {\xspaceskip} \NC $\neq 0$ \NC \NR +\HL +\NC space \NC xspaceskip_space \NC \NR +\NC stretch \NC xspaceskip_stretch \NC \NR +\NC shrink \NC xspaceskip_shrink \NC \NR +\NC subtype \NC xspaceskip \NC \NR +\HL +\stoptabulate + +\ShowSpaces{2}{\spacefactor1000}{\spaceskip0pt} + +\starttabulate[|l|l|] +\HL +\NC \type {\spacefactor} \NC $\lt 2000$ \NC \NR +\NC \type {\spaceskip} \NC $\eq 0$ \NC \NR +\HL +\NC space \NC font_space \NC \NR +\NC stretch \NC font_stretch \NC \NR +\NC shrink \NC font_shrink \NC \NR +\NC subtype \NC spaceskip \NC \NR +\HL +\stoptabulate + +\ShowSpaces{3}{\spacefactor2000}{\spaceskip0pt} + +\starttabulate[|l|l|] +\HL +\NC \type {\spacefactor} \NC $\geq 2000$ \NC \NR +\NC \type {\spaceskip} \NC $\eq 0$ \NC \NR +\HL +\NC space \NC font_space $+$ extraspace_font \NC \NR +\NC stretch \NC font_stretch \NC \NR +\NC shrink \NC font_shrink \NC \NR +\NC subtype \NC spaceskip \NC \NR +\HL +\stoptabulate + +\ShowSpaces{4}{\spacefactor1000}{\spaceskip100pt} + +\starttabulate[|l|l|] +\HL +\NC \type {\spacefactor} \NC $\lt 2000$ \NC \NR +\NC \type {\spaceskip} \NC $\neq 0$ \NC \NR +\HL +\NC space \NC font_space \NC \NR +\NC stretch \NC font_stretch $\times$ space_factor \NC \NR +\NC shrink \NC font_shrink $\times$ space_factor \NC \NR +\NC subtype \NC spaceskip \NC \NR +\HL +\stoptabulate + +\ShowSpaces{5}{\spacefactor2000}{\spaceskip100pt} + +\starttabulate[|l|l|] +\HL +\NC \type {\spacefactor} \NC $\geq 2000$ \NC \NR +\NC \type {\spaceskip} \NC $\neq 0$ \NC \NR +\HL +\NC space \NC font_space $+$ extraspace_font \NC \NR +\NC stretch \NC font_stretch $\times$ space_factor \NC \NR +\NC shrink \NC font_shrink $\times$ space_factor \NC \NR +\NC subtype \NC spaceskip \NC \NR +\HL +\stoptabulate + +The width of a space relates to the design of a font and therefore the t width of +the space, its stretch and its shrink are taken from the font and scaled +accordingly. Normally we take the space character in the font as reference. +Traditional \TEX\ fonts don't have that character but \OPENTYPE\ fonts have. When +there is no space character, in the case of a monospaced font we take the +emwidth, otherwise we take half the emwidth. As a last resort we can take the +average width of characters. And of even that fails we take half of the font +units. But, as mentioned, modern fonts have a space. + +In the \CONTEXT\ font loader we use a stretch that is 1/2 of the width of a space +and the shrink is 1/3 the width of a space. These values are familiar for those +who come from traditional \TEX. + +As with many variables, you can overload these values when a font is loaded by +setting the \type {spacing} feature. Here is how this is done: + +\startbuffer +\definefontfeature + [morespace] + [spacing=0.50 plus 0.50 minus 0.250] +\definefontfeature + [lessspace] + [spacing=0.25 plus 0.25 minus 0.125] +\definefontfeature + [extramorespace] + [spacing=0.50 plus 0.50 minus 0.250 extra 2.00] +\definefontfeature + [extralessspace] + [spacing=0.25 plus 0.25 minus 0.125 extra 2.00] + +\definedfont[Serif*default] + \inleft{\infofont default} + \samplefile{klein}\par + \blank +\definedfont[Serif*default,morespace] + \inleft{\infofont morespace} + \samplefile{klein}\par + \blank +\definedfont[Serif*default,extramorespace] + \inleft{\infofont extramorespace} + \samplefile{klein}\par + \blank +\definedfont[Serif*default,lessspace] + \inleft{\infofont lessspace} + \samplefile{klein}\par + \blank +\definedfont[Serif*default,extralessspace] + \inleft{\infofont extralessspace} + \samplefile{klein}\par + \blank +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +For demonstration purposes we use a somewhat excessive \type {extra} +specification. By default the extra space is equal to the shrink. + +\blank \start + \showmakeup[space] + \getbuffer +\stop \blank + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Expansion] + +Spaces become glue that can shrink or stretch. In the worst case words will come +too close, or the gap will be large. Even worse is that this can lead to +successive lines in a paragraph looking different with respect to spacing. A solution +for this is to use font expansion, although the benefits are often less than +some users want (you) to believe. + +This mechanism is enabled with \type {\setupalign}. There are two variants (\type +{hz} and \type {fullhz}) and a reset (\type {nohz}). In \in {figure} [fig:expansion] +we use the following font definition: + +\startbuffer +\definefont[testfont][Normal*default,quality @ 9pt] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer \getbuffer + +We use \type {\showfontexpansion} to view the effective expansion factors of each +glyph. When \type {fullhz} is used fontkerns also can get expanded. Zero values +are not shown. The font kern factors are shown below the character factors. They +can be neglected and one can even wonder if they need a treatment especially +because kerns are also used for relative positioning, accent anchoring and +cursive attachments. + +\startplacefigure[reference=fig:expansion,title={The two expansion methods in action.}] + \startcombination[nx=3,ny=2,location=top] + {\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,nohz}] {\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}} {} + {\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,fullhz}]{\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}} {} + {\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,hz}] {\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}} {} + {\scale[width=.3\textwidth]{\clip[nx=2,ny=4,x=2,y=3]{\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,nohz}] {\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}}}} {\tttf{nohz}} + {\scale[width=.3\textwidth]{\clip[nx=2,ny=4,x=2,y=3]{\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,fullhz}]{\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}}}} {\tttf{fullhz}} + {\scale[width=.3\textwidth]{\clip[nx=2,ny=4,x=2,y=3]{\framed[foregroundstyle=\testfont,width=.3\textwidth,align={normal,tolerant,hz}] {\showfontexpansion\samplefile{ward}}}}} {\tttf{hz}} + \stopcombination +\stopplacefigure + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Looseness] + +The \type {\looseness} parameter can be used to let the par builder add more +lines, but that condition is only met when the demand is reasonable. So we need +stretch and often also tolerance to achieve it. + +\starttyping +\looseness=1 ... text ... \par +\stoptyping + +This setting is reset afterwards. Because \type {framed} does some grouping deep down, +we need either to use it in there like this: + +\starttyping +\framed + [align={normal,verytolerant,stretch},strut=no] + {\looseness1 ... \par} +\stoptyping + +which is somewhat clumsy, or we can do: + +\starttyping +\framed + [align={normal,verytolerant,stretch,2*more}] + {...} +\stoptyping + +This is demonstrated in \in {figure} [fig:looseness]. + +\startplacefigure[reference=fig:looseness,title={Looseness in action.}] + \dontcomplain + \startcombination[location=top,nx=3,ny=1] + {\framed[foregroundstyle=small,align={normal,verytolerant,stretch}, width=.3\textwidth]{\samplefile{sapolsky}\unskip}} {} + {\framed[foregroundstyle=small,align={normal,verytolerant,stretch,1*more},width=.3\textwidth]{\samplefile{sapolsky}\unskip}} {\type {1*more}} + {\framed[foregroundstyle=small,align={normal,verytolerant,stretch,2*more},width=.3\textwidth]{\samplefile{sapolsky}\unskip}} {\type {2*more}} + \stopcombination +\stopplacefigure + +\stopsection + +\stopchapter + +\stopcomponent + diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-style.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-style.tex index cf0bae7bf..5514df729 100644 --- a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-style.tex +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/spacing/spacing-style.tex @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ \startenvironment spacing-style +\usemodule[abbreviations-words,typesetting] + \setupbodyfont [pagella] @@ -52,4 +54,11 @@ [style=\bfc, color=maincolor] +\setuphead + [subsubsection] + [style=bold, + color=maincolor, + before=\blank, + after=\blank] + \stopenvironment |