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+\environment math-layout
+
+\startcomponent math-tricks
+
+\startchapter[title=Tricks]
+
+\startsection[title=Introduction]
+
+Math support in \CONTEXT\ is wrapped around basic \TEX\ primitives and
+unfortunately not all we want is easy to configure. This is not surprising
+because the original ideas behind \TEX\ are that one makes a style per book and a
+one macro package \quote {we-can-do-it-all} approach is not what Don Knuth had in
+mind at that time.
+
+So, for instance support for configurable spacing per math element, coloring of
+specific (sub) elements, simple switching of whatever combination of alignments
+and number placement, these all take quite a bit of code and hackery.
+
+Even configuring something seemingly trivial as fractions or top, bottom, left,
+middle and right fences take some effort. This is because the engine uses
+information from fonts to combine shapes and paste the content and ornaments to
+together.
+
+For that reason already in \MKII\ but more extensively in \MKIV\ we did a lot of
+these things in wrapper macros. When the math renderer was finalized for
+\OPENTYPE\ math some extra control was added that can make these things easier.
+However, because we go a bit beyond what is possible using this new functionality
+these new mechanisms are not yet used in \MKIV, but they might be eventually.
+Here we just show some of the (newer) low level trickery. For details about what
+was already possible in pure \TEX, we refer to the ultimate references: the \TeX
+book (by Donald Knuth) and \TeX\ by Topic (by Victor Eijkhout).
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Kerning]
+
+Kerning in \OPENTYPE\ math is not the same as in traditional \TEX: instead of a
+single value, we have staircase kerns, that is, depending on the location (left
+or right) and the vertical position, at discrete distances between depth and
+height. In addition there is italic correction but that is only applied in
+certain cases, one of which is the script location.
+
+Unfortunately not all fonts follow the same route. Some fonts have a true width
+and a moderate italic correction is added to it (of at all), while other fonts
+lie about the width and depend on an excessive italic correction to compensate
+for that.
+
+\definemeasure[quarter][\dimexpr(\textwidth-3em)/4\relax]
+
+\def\TestKern#1%
+ {\scale
+ [width=\measure{quarter}]
+ {\hbox to 50pt{\hss\showboxes\switchtobodyfont[#1]$V_i^i = W_i^i$\hss}}}
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\startcombination[nx=4,ny=2,distance=1em]
+ {\TestKern {modern}} {\infofont modern}
+ {\TestKern {cambria}} {\infofont cambria}
+ {\TestKern{lucidaot}} {\infofont lucida}
+ {\TestKern {dejavu}} {\infofont dejavu}
+ {\TestKern {pagella}} {\infofont pagella}
+ {\TestKern {termes}} {\infofont termes}
+ {\TestKern {bonum}} {\infofont bonum}
+ {\TestKern {schola}} {\infofont schola}
+\stopcombination
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+I will not discuss the details because when a font gets updated, it might look
+better or worse. These fonts were loaded with the following directive set:
+
+\starttyping
+\enabledirectives[fontgoodies.mathkerning]
+\stoptyping
+
+An example of a fontgoodie that fixed the kerning is \type {pagella-math.lfg}. Here
+is the relevant bit:
+
+\starttyping
+local kern_200 = { bottomright = { { kern = -200 } } }
+local kern_100 = { bottomright = { { kern = -100 } } }
+
+return {
+ .....
+ mathematics = {
+ .....
+ kerns = {
+ [0x1D449] = kern_200, -- 𝑉
+ [0x1D44A] = kern_100, -- 𝑊
+ },
+ .....
+ }
+}
+\stoptyping
+
+This fixes the real bad kerning of Pagella Math which at least in 2017 was not
+(yet) fixed. When the fonts are frozen we can start makling permanent runtime
+fixes like this.
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Primes]
+
+Primes are a pain in the butt. The reason for this is that they are independent
+characters on the one hand but can be seen as a superscript on the other. Let's
+first look at the symbols at the three sizes that are used in math.
+
+\startbuffer[prime]
+$
+ {\textstyle \char"2032}
+ {\scriptstyle \char"2032}
+ {\scriptscriptstyle\char"2032}
+\quad
+ {\textstyle \char"FE931}
+ {\scriptstyle \char"FE931}
+ {\scriptscriptstyle\char"FE931}
+\quad
+ {\textstyle \char"FE932}
+ {\scriptstyle \char"FE932}
+ {\scriptscriptstyle\char"FE932}
+$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer[prime]
+
+We blow up the characters a bit and get this:
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=5000]{\showglyphs\inlinebuffer[prime]}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\def\TestPrime#1%
+ {\scale
+ [width=\measure{quarter}]
+ {\ruledhbox to 65pt{%
+ \hss
+ \showglyphs
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]%
+ \inlinebuffer[prime]%
+ \hss}}}
+
+The first set is the normal prime character scaled to the text, script and
+scriptscriptsize. The second set shows the characters (at three sizes) as they
+are in the font. The largest character is raised while the other two are closer
+to the baseline. In some fonts the smaller sizes arenot smaller at all. The last
+set is a variant of the the first set but we made them into virtual characters
+with a displacement and different dimensions. Those are the ones we use as
+primes.
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\startcombination[nx=4,ny=2,distance=1em]
+ {\TestPrime {modern}} {\infofont modern}
+ {\TestPrime {cambria}} {\infofont cambria}
+ {\TestPrime{lucidaot}} {\infofont lucida}
+ {\TestPrime {dejavu}} {\infofont dejavu}
+ {\TestPrime {pagella}} {\infofont pagella}
+ {\TestPrime {termes}} {\infofont termes}
+ {\TestPrime {bonum}} {\infofont bonum}
+ {\TestPrime {schola}} {\infofont schola}
+\stopcombination
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+Next we show how primes show up in real math. The examples
+explain themselves.
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f = g} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f = g} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f = g}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f_i' = g_i'} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f_i' = g_i'} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f_i' = g_i'}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f'(0) = g'(0)} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f'(0) = g'(0)} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f'(0) = g'(0)}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\startbuffer
+{\textstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)} \quad
+{\scriptscriptstyle f^{\char"2032}(0) = g^{\char"2032}(0)}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+The prime analyzer can deal with sizes, subscripts but also converts a sequence
+of upright quotes into one unicode symbol. So,
+
+\startbuffer
+f'_i \neq f''_i \neq f'''_i \neq f''''_i
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer
+
+becomes:
+
+\startlinecorrection
+\scale[scale=4000]{\showglyphs$\inlinebuffer$}
+\stoplinecorrection
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Radicals]
+
+Sometimes users complain about the look of a radical symbol. This is however a matter
+of design. Some fonts let the shape start more below the baseline than others. Soem go
+more straight up than relatives in another font. When largers sizes are needed, some
+fonts offer smaller than others. Just look at the different desings:
+
+\def\TestRadical#1%
+ {\NC
+ \type{#1}\blackrule[width=0pt,height=2.5ex,depth=2ex]\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\surd $}\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\sqrt{} $}\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\sqrt{.}$}\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\sqrt{x}$}\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\scale[scale=2000]{\showglyphs$\surd \sqrt{} \sqrt{.} \sqrt{x}$}\NC
+ \NR}
+
+\starttabulate[|l|c|c|c|c|c|]
+ \NC \NC \type{\surd} \NC \type{\sqrt{}} \NC \type{\sqrt{.}} \NC \type{\sqrt{x}} \NC \NR
+ \TestRadical{modern}
+ \TestRadical{cambria}
+ \TestRadical{lucidaot}
+ \TestRadical{dejavu}
+ \TestRadical{pagella}
+ \TestRadical{termes}
+ \TestRadical{bonum}
+ \TestRadical{schola}
+\stoptabulate
+
+The automatic scaling doesn't always work out as expected but on the average is
+okay. Keep in mind that often the content is not that extreme.
+
+\def\TestRadical#1%
+ {\NC
+ \type{#1}\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=1.0ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=1.5ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=2.0ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=2.5ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=3.0ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=3.5ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=4.0ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \switchtobodyfont[#1]\showglyphs$\sqrt{\blackrule[width=1em,height=4.5ex,color=darkgray]}$\NC
+ \NR}
+
+\starttabulate[|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|]
+ \NC \NC 1.0ex \NC 1.5ex \NC 2.0ex \NC 2.5ex \NC 3.0ex \NC 3.5ex \NC 4.0ex \NC 4.5ex \NC \NR
+ \TestRadical{modern}
+ \TestRadical{cambria}
+ \TestRadical{lucidaot}
+ \TestRadical{dejavu}
+ \TestRadical{pagella}
+ \TestRadical{termes}
+ \TestRadical{bonum}
+ \TestRadical{schola}
+\stoptabulate
+
+In Lucida (the version at the time of writing this) we have to correct the threshold
+a bit in the goodie file:
+
+\starttyping
+local function FixRadicalDisplayStyleVerticalGap(value,target,original)
+ local o = original.mathparameters.RadicalVerticalGap -- 50
+ return 2 * o * target.parameters.factor
+end
+
+return {
+ .....
+ mathematics = {
+ .....
+ parameters = {
+ RadicalDisplayStyleVerticalGap =
+ FixRadicalDisplayStyleVerticalGap,
+ },
+ .....
+ },
+}
+\stoptyping
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Integrals]
+
+A curious exception in the math system is the integral sign. Its companions are
+the summation and product signs, but integral has as extra property that it has a
+slant. In \LUATEX\ there is rather advanced control over how the (optional)
+scripts are positioned (which relates to italic correction) but in \CONTEXT\ we
+only make limited use of that. The main reason is that we also need to support
+additional features like color. Therefore integrals are handled by the extensible
+mechanism.
+
+The size of an integral is more of less fixed but you can enlarge to your
+liking. One reason for this is that you might want a consistent size across
+formulas. Let's use the following setup:
+
+\startbuffer[setup]
+\setupmathextensible
+ [integral]
+ [rightoffset=-1mu,
+ exact=yes,
+ factor=2]
+
+\let\int\integral
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer[setup]
+
+We use the following exmaple:
+
+\startbuffer[demo]
+\ruledhbox{$\integral f\frac{1}{2} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[rightoffset=3mu] f\frac{1}{2} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[exact=no] f\frac{1}{2} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral f\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[exact=no] f\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[factor=1] f\frac{1}{2} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[factor=3] f\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{x} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\integral[factor=3] f\frac{1}{2} $}\quad
+\ruledhbox{$\int f\frac{1}{2} $}% bonus
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer[demo]
+
+This renders as:
+
+\dontleavehmode\hbox{\getbuffer[setup,demo]}
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Fancy fences]
+
+Here I only show an example of fences drawn by \METAPOST. For the implementation
+you can consult the library file \type {meta-imp-mat.mkiv} in the \CONTEXT\
+distribution.
+
+\startbuffer[setup]
+\useMPlibrary[mat]
+
+\setupmathstackers
+ [both] % vfenced]
+ [color=darkred,
+ alternative=mp]
+
+\setupmathstackers
+ [top]
+ [color=darkred,
+ alternative=mp]
+
+\setupmathstackers
+ [bottom]
+ [color=darkred,
+ alternative=mp]
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer[setup]
+
+We keep the demo simple:
+
+\startbuffer[demo]
+$ \overbracket {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underbracket {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \doublebracket {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \overparent {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underparent {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \doubleparent {a+b+c+d} $ \blank
+$ \overbrace {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underbrace {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \doublebrace {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \overbar {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underbar {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \doublebar {a+b+c+d} $ \blank
+$ \overleftarrow {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \overrightarrow {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underleftarrow {a+b+c+d} \quad
+ \underrightarrow {a+b+c+d} $ \blank
+\stopbuffer
+
+\typebuffer[demo]
+
+Or visualized:
+
+\start
+\getbuffer[setup,demo]
+\stop
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Combined characters]
+
+We have some magic built with respect to sequences of characters. They are derived
+from information in the character database that ships with \CONTEXT\ and are
+implemented as a sort of ligatures. Some are defined in \UNICODE, others are
+defined explicitly.
+
+\usemodule[math-ligatures]
+
+\start
+ \switchtobodyfont[small]
+ \showmathligatures
+\stop
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Middle class fences]
+
+The next examples are somewhat obscure. They are a side effect of some extensions
+to the engine that were introduced to control spacing around the \type {\middle}
+class fences. Actually there is no real middle class and spacing was somewhat
+hard codes when \type {\middle} was added to \ETEX. In \LUATEX\ we have
+introduced keywords to some primitives that control spacing and other properties.
+This permits better control over spacing than messing around with (for instance)
+injected \type {\mathrel} commands that can have their own side effects.
+
+\startbuffer
+\def\Middle{\middle|}
+\def\Riddle{\Umiddle class 5 |}
+\def\Left {\left (}
+\def\Right {\right )}
+\def\Rel {\mathrel{}}
+\def\Per {\mathrel{.}}
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[1a]
+$ a b $
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[1b]
+$ \Rel a\Rel b\Rel $
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[2a]
+$ a b $
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[2b]
+$ \Per a\Per b\Per $
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[3a]
+$\Left a \Middle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[3b]
+$\Left\Rel a \Middle\Rel b\Rel\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[4a]
+$\Left a \Middle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[4b]
+$\Left\Rel a \Middle\Per b\Per\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[5a]
+$\Left a \Middle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[5b]
+$\Left\Rel a\Rel\Middle\Rel b\Rel\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[6a]
+$\Left a \Middle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[6b]
+$\Left\Per a\Per\Middle\Per b\Per\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[7a]
+$\Left a \Riddle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[7b]
+$\Left\Rel a \Riddle\Rel b\Rel\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[8a]
+$\Left a \Riddle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[8b]
+$\Left\Rel a \Riddle\Per b\Per\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[9a]
+$\Left a \Riddle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[9b]
+$\Left\Rel a\Rel\Riddle\Rel b\Rel\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[10a]
+$\Left a \Riddle b \Right$
+\stopbuffer
+\startbuffer[10b]
+$\Left\Per a\Per\Riddle\Per b\Per\Right$
+\stopbuffer
+
+We use the following definitions:
+
+\typebuffer
+
+Applied to samples these give the following outcome and spacing:
+
+\start
+ \getbuffer
+
+ \starttabulate
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[1a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[1a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[1b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[1b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[2a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[2a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[2b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[2b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[3a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[3a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[3b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[3b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[4a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[4a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[4b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[4b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[5a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[5a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[5b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[5b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[6a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[6a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[6b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[6b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[7a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[7a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[7b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[7b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[8a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[8a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[8b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[8b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[9a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[9a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[9b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[9b] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[10a]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[10a] \NC \NR
+ \NC \ruledhbox{\typeinlinebuffer[10b]} \NC \showglyphs \inlinebuffer[10b] \NC \NR
+ \stoptabulate
+\stop
+
+\stopsection
+
+\startsection[title=Auto|-|punctuation]
+
+\def\TestA#1#2#3%
+ {\ifnum#1=0 \type{#2}\else\setupmathematics[autopunctuation={#2}]$#3$\fi}
+
+\def\TestB#1#2%
+ {\NC \TestA{#1}{no} {#2}
+ \NC \TestA{#1}{yes} {#2}
+ \NC \TestA{#1}{yes,semicolon}{#2}
+ \NC \TestA{#1}{all} {#2}
+ \NC \TestA{#1}{all,semicolon}{#2}
+ \NC \NR}
+
+The \type {\setupmathematics} command has an option \type {autopunctuation} that
+influences the way spacing after punctuatuon is handled, especially in cases like
+the following (coordinates and such):
+
+\starttabulate[|c|c|c|c|c|]
+ \TestB{0}{}
+ \TestB{1}{(1,2)=(1, 2)}
+ \TestB{1}{(1.2)=(1. 2)}
+ \TestB{1}{(1;2)=(1; 2)}
+\stoptabulate
+
+\stopsection
+
+\stopcomponent
+
+% \enabletrackers[math.makeup=boxes]
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\displaystyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\quad $\crampeddisplaystyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\blank
+% $\textstyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\quad $\crampedtextstyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\blank
+% $\scriptstyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\quad $\crampedscriptstyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\blank
+% $\scriptscriptstyle {{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\quad $\crampedscriptscriptstyle{{1}\normalover{2}}+x$\blank
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $e=mc^2$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+x}$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\int^0_1{\frac{1}{2}+x}$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\displaystyle\the\everydisplay\int^0_1{\frac{1}{2}+x}$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startbuffer
+% ${}^2_2x^3_4 {}^2x_4$
+% \stopbuffer
+
+% % d : \Umathsubshiftdown
+% % u : \Umathsupshiftup
+% % s : \Umathsubsupshiftdown
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% \starttabulate[|T||cT|cT|]
+% \NC 0 \NC \mathscriptsmode 0 \inlinebuffer \NC dynamic \NC dynamic \NC \NR \TB
+% \NC 1 \NC \mathscriptsmode 1 \inlinebuffer \NC d \NC u \NC \NR \TB
+% \NC 2 \NC \mathscriptsmode 2 \inlinebuffer \NC s \NC u \NC \NR \TB
+% \NC 3 \NC \mathscriptsmode 3 \inlinebuffer \NC s \NC u + s − d \NC \NR \TB
+% \NC 4 \NC \mathscriptsmode 4 \inlinebuffer \NC d + (s − d)/2 \NC u + (s − d)/2 \NC \NR \TB
+% \NC 5 \NC \mathscriptsmode 5 \inlinebuffer \NC d \NC u + s − d \NC \NR
+% \stoptabulate
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt] \tt
+% \starttabulate[|l|ck1|ck1|ck1|ck1|ck1|ck1|]
+% \NC
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode0 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode1 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode2 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode3 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode4 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \mathnolimitsmode8000 $\displaystyle\int\nolimits^0_1$
+% \NC \NR
+% \TB
+% \NC \bf mode
+% \NC 0
+% \NC 1
+% \NC 2
+% \NC 3
+% \NC 4
+% \NC 8000
+% \NC \NR
+% \NC \bf superscript
+% \NC 0
+% \NC font
+% \NC 0
+% \NC 0
+% \NC +ic/2
+% \NC 0
+% \NC \NR
+% \NC \bf subscript
+% \NC -ic
+% \NC font
+% \NC 0
+% \NC -ic/2
+% \NC -ic/2
+% \NC 8000ic/1000
+% \NC \NR
+% \stoptabulate
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+{ } \bgroup \egroup \begingroup \endgroup
+
+\startbuffer[1]
+ [a:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \bgroup
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (x:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \egroup
+ \quad[b:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (y:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \quad[c:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \bgroup
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (z:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \egroup
+ \quad[d:\mathstyle]
+\stopbuffer
+
+\startbuffer[2]
+ [a:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \begingroup
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (x:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (x:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \endgroup
+ \quad[b:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (y:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (y:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \quad[c:\mathstyle]\quad
+ \begingroup
+ \mathchoice
+ {\bf \scriptstyle (z:d :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:t :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:s :\mathstyle)}
+ {\bf \scriptscriptstyle (z:ss:\mathstyle)}
+ \endgroup
+ \quad[d:\mathstyle]
+\stopbuffer
+
+% % \bgroup .. \egroup
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\displaystyle \getbuffer[1]$ \blank
+% $\textstyle \getbuffer[1]$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% % \begingroup .. \endgroup
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\displaystyle \getbuffer[2]$ \blank
+% $\textstyle \getbuffer[2]$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\Uleft ( x \Umiddle\| \Uright )$
+% $\Uleft height 3ex ( x \Umiddle\| \Uright height 3ex )$
+% $\Uleft axis height 3ex ( x \Umiddle\| \Uright axis height 3ex )$
+% $\Uleft axis height 3ex depth 1ex ( x \Umiddle\| \Uright axis height 3ex depth 1ex )$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% $\Uvextensible ( \frac{1}{x}$
+% $\Uvextensible height 3ex ( \frac{1}{x}$
+% $\Uvextensible axis height 3ex ( \frac{1}{x}$
+% $\Uvextensible axis height 3ex depth 1ex ( \frac{1}{x}$
+% $\Uvextensible exact axis height 3ex depth 1ex ( \frac{1}{x}$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% \ruledhbox{$\Uhextensible "0 "23DE$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Uhextensible width 3ex "0 "23DE$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Uhextensible middle width 3ex "0 "23DE$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Uhextensible left width 3ex "0 "23DE$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Uhextensible right width 3ex "0 "23DE$}
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent "0 "0 "23DE {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent fixed "0 "0 "23DE {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent top "0 "0 "23DE {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent bottom "0 "0 "23DF {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent both "0 "0 "23DE "0 "0 "23DF {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent overlay "0 "0 "23DE {1+x}$}
+% \ruledhbox{$\Umathaccent top "0 "0 "23DE fraction 800 {1+x}$}
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \startTEXpage[offset=10pt]
+% ${ {1} \Uskewed / {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewed / exact {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewed / noaxis {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewed / exact noaxis {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewedwithdelims / () {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewedwithdelims / () exact {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewedwithdelims / () noaxis {2} }$
+% ${ {1} \Uskewedwithdelims / () exact noaxis {2} }$
+% \stopTEXpage
+
+% \disabletrackers[math.makeup]
+
+% \stopchapter
+%
+% \stopcomponent
+
+% A \type {\matheqnogapstep} factor that determines the gap between formula and
+% equation number.
+%
+% A \type {\mathdisplayskipmode} directive that controls display skips: 1 = always,
+% 2 = only when not zero, 3 = never.
+%
+% \mathstyle
+%
+% \suppressmathparerror
+
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2024-05-17 09:45:11 +0000