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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/context/sources/general/manuals/math/math-spacing.tex')
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diff --git a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/math/math-spacing.tex b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/math/math-spacing.tex index 3412a3abc..913a90d9e 100644 --- a/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/math/math-spacing.tex +++ b/doc/context/sources/general/manuals/math/math-spacing.tex @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +% language=uk + \environment math-layout \startcomponent math-spacing @@ -392,6 +394,352 @@ Of course better is to fix the font. \stopsection +\startsection[title=Multiline] + +Inline formulas can span lines but display math normally sits on one line unless +one uses alignment mechanisms. Take this: + +\startbuffer[demo] +\startformula + x\dorecurse{30}{ + #1x^{#1x}} = 10 +\stopformula +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[demo] + +\par \start \setupformula[split=no] \getbuffer[demo] \stop \par + +You can set \type {split} to \type {yes} using \type {\setupformula} and get the +following: + +\par \start \setupformula[split=yes] \getbuffer[demo] \stop \par + +Maybe nicer is to also set \type {align} to \type {flushleft}: + +\par \start \setupformula[split=yes,align=flushleft] \getbuffer[demo] \stop \par + +If you want the binary operators to start the lines you can set this: + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupmathematics[setups=math:spacing:split] +\setupformulas[split=yes,align=flushleft] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] + +\par \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop \par + +You can prevent a split with a large penalty. Here is a test that yuou can run +to play with this feature: + +\starttyping +\dostepwiserecurse {30} {100} {1} { + \hsize \dimexpr 40pt + #1pt \relax + \startformula + y = a \dorecurse {50} { + \penalty 10000 {\bf + ##1b} + + ##1c^2 + } + \stopformula + \page +} +\stoptyping + +There is an experimental alignment mechanism available. Watch the following +examples: + +\startbuffer[demo] +before + \startformula + z + 3y = \alignhere x + \dorecurse{20}{ + #1x^{#1x}} + \stopformula +inbetween + \startformula + z + 3y \alignhere = 1 + \dorecurse{4}{ + \dorecurse{#1}{+ #1x^{##1x}} + \ifnum#1<4\breakhere\fi + } + \stopformula +after +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[demo] + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=no] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=yes, + align=flushleft] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=yes, + align=flushleft, + hang=auto] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=yes, + align=flushleft, + hang=auto, + distance=1em] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=yes, + align=flushleft, + hang=yes, + distance=2em] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupformula + [split=yes, + align=flushleft, + hang=yes, + distance=2em, + interlinespace=1.5\lineheight] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +If you want to split over pages, you can say: + +\starttyping +\setupformula + [split=page, + align=middle] +\stoptyping + +but that is rather experimental (especially in combination with other +number placement related options). + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Scripts] + +Superscripts and subscripts are typeset in a smaller size than their nucleus. You +can influence that as follows: + +\startbuffer +\startformula +x^{2} = x^{\textstyle 2} + = x^{\scriptstyle 2} + = x^{\scriptscriptstyle 2} +\stopformula +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer \getbuffer + +You can also use macros instead of a \type {^} and \type {_}, as in: + +\startbuffer +\startformula +x \superscript {2} = +x \superscript {\textstyle 2} = +x \superscript {\scriptstyle 2} = +x \superscript {\scriptscriptstyle 2} = +x \nosuperscript {2} +\stopformula +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer \getbuffer + +The \type {\nosuperscript} primitive makes sure that we get the same size as the +nucleus. + +\startbuffer +\startformula +x \superscript {2} \subscript {i} = +x \nosuperscript {2} \subscript {i} = +x \superscript {2} \nosubscript {i} = +x \nosuperscript {2} \nosubscript {i} +\stopformula +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer \getbuffer + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Text accents] + +You can put an accent over a character: + +\startbuffer +$\grave{x} \neq \grave{i}$\quad +$\ddot {x} \neq \ddot {i}$\quad +$\bar {x} \neq \bar {i}$\quad +$\acute{x} \neq \acute{i}$\quad +$\hat {x} \neq \hat {i}$\quad +$\check{x} \neq \check{i}$\quad +$\breve{x} \neq \breve{i}$\quad +$\dot {x} \neq \dot {i}$\quad +$\ring {x} \neq \ring {i}$\quad +$\tilde{x} \neq \tilde{i}$\quad +$\dddot{x} \neq \dddot{i}$\quad +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +This comes out as: \inlinebuffer. For regular text you can better use proper composed +\UTF\ encoded characters. + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Directions] + +Math has its own direction control: + +\starttexdefinition unexpanded MathTest #1#2#3 + \ruledvbox \bgroup + \mathdir#1\relax + \textdir#2\relax + \pardir #3\relax + \hsize=30mm + \startformula + a^2+b^2=c^2 + \stopformula + \egroup +\stoptexdefinition + +\starttexdefinition unexpanded MathShow #1#2#3#4 + \hbox \bgroup + \infofont #1 : m=#2 t=#3 p=#4 + \egroup +\stoptexdefinition + +\startbuffer +\startcombination[nx=4,ny=2,distance=1cm] + {\MathTest{TLT}{TLT}{TLT}} {\MathShow1{TLT}{TLT}{TLT}} + {\MathTest{TLT}{TLT}{TRT}} {\MathShow2{TLT}{TLT}{TRT}} + {\MathTest{TLT}{TRT}{TLT}} {\MathShow3{TLT}{TRT}{TLT}} + {\MathTest{TLT}{TRT}{TRT}} {\MathShow4{TLT}{TRT}{TRT}} + {\MathTest{TRT}{TLT}{TLT}} {\MathShow5{TRT}{TLT}{TLT}} + {\MathTest{TRT}{TLT}{TRT}} {\MathShow6{TRT}{TLT}{TRT}} + {\MathTest{TRT}{TRT}{TLT}} {\MathShow7{TRT}{TRT}{TLT}} + {\MathTest{TRT}{TRT}{TRT}} {\MathShow8{TRT}{TRT}{TRT}} +\stopcombination +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer + +Normally you will not control directions this way but use the proper parameters +in layout related setup commands. + +\startlinecorrection +\getbuffer +\stoplinecorrection + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Surround] + +The spacing around inline formulas is consistent with other +spacing but it can be enlarged. We just show a few examples: + +\startbuffer[demo] +\hsize 20em +We have +\dorecurse {8} {% + \ifcase#1\or\else and \fi + $x+#1$ and $x-#1$ and $x \times #1$ +} +\removeunwantedspaces . +\par +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[demo] + +\blank \start \getbuffer[demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupmathematics + [textdistance=2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] + +\blank \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\startbuffer[setup] +\setupmathematics + [textdistance=4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt] +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer[setup] + +\blank \start \getbuffer[setup,demo] \stop + +\stopsection + +\startsection[title=Choices] + +The next examples are generated using this macro: + +\startbuffer +\starttexdefinition unexpanded Test#1#2 + + \begingroup + + \showmakeup[depth] + + \def\TestA{\dontleavehmode\ruledhbox{\dorecurse{8}{before }}} + \def\TestB{\dontleavehmode\ruledhbox{\dorecurse{8}{after }}} + \def\TestC{\dorecurse{18}{x+}x} + + \setdisplaymathspacemodel[3] + \setupalign[flushleft] 1\space:\space\TestA \par + \startformula #2 \TestC \stopformula \par + \setupalign[flushleft] 2\space:\space\TestB \par + + \setdisplaymathspacemodel[4] + + \vskip#1\lineheight + + \setupalign[flushright] \TestA\space:\space2 \par + \startformula #2 \TestC \stopformula \par + \setupalign[flushright] \TestB\space:\space2 \par + + \endgroup + +\stoptexdefinition +\stopbuffer + +\typebuffer \getbuffer + +It demonstrates the often hard decisions that we have to make with regards to +spacing. On the one hand we want to be adaptive, on the other hand we want to be +consistent, for instance in the depth of lines. These examples overlay the two +variants (which is of course font and style dependent). + +\Test{-4.70}{} \blank[2*line] +\Test{-6.00}{\frac{1}{2}} \blank[2*line] +\Test{-6.55}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}} + +One side effect of these options is that at some point we need to choose a +default and then easily forget about the other variants. + +\stopsection + \stopchapter \stopcomponent |